fix: map Qwen3-VL DeepStack GGUF tensor names (#1858)

Co-authored-by: leejet <leejet714@gmail.com>

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -449,8 +449,8 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: windows-2022
 
     env:
-      ROCM_VERSION: "7.13.0"
+      ROCM_VERSION: "7.14.0"
-      GPU_TARGETS: "gfx906;gfx908;gfx90a;gfx942;gfx950;gfx1010;gfx1011;gfx1012;gfx1030;gfx1031;gfx1032;gfx1033;gfx1034;gfx1035;gfx1036;gfx1100;gfx1101;gfx1102;gfx1150;gfx1151;gfx1152;gfx1200;gfx1201"
+      GPU_TARGETS: "gfx1010;gfx1011;gfx1012;gfx1030;gfx1031;gfx1032;gfx1033;gfx1034;gfx1035;gfx1036;gfx1100;gfx1101;gfx1102;gfx1103;gfx1150;gfx1151;gfx1152;gfx1153;gfx1200;gfx1201"
 
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
@@ -472,34 +472,68 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: C:\TheRock\build
-          key: rocm-${{ env.ROCM_VERSION }}-gfx1151-${{ runner.os }}
+          key: rocm-wheels-${{ env.ROCM_VERSION }}-${{ runner.os }}
 
       - name: ccache
         uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
         with:
-          key: windows-latest-rocm-${{ env.ROCM_VERSION }}-x64
+          key: windows-rocm-${{ env.ROCM_VERSION }}-x64
           evict-old-files: 1d
 
-      - name: Install ROCm
+      - name: Install ROCm with Wheels
         if: steps.cache-rocm.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
         run: |
           $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
-          write-host "Downloading AMD ROCm ${{ env.ROCM_VERSION }} tarball"
+          write-host "Setting up Python virtual environment"
-          Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://repo.amd.com/rocm/tarball/therock-dist-windows-gfx1151-${{ env.ROCM_VERSION }}.tar.gz" -OutFile "${env:RUNNER_TEMP}\rocm.tar.gz"
+
-          write-host "Extracting ROCm tarball"
+          # Create the venv directly at the cache location to avoid relocation issues
-          mkdir C:\TheRock\build -Force
+          New-Item -Path "C:\TheRock\build" -ItemType Directory -Force | Out-Null
-          tar -xzf "${env:RUNNER_TEMP}\rocm.tar.gz" -C C:\TheRock\build --strip-components=1
+          python -m venv C:\TheRock\build\.venv
-          write-host "Completed ROCm extraction"
+          & C:\TheRock\build\.venv\Scripts\Activate.ps1
+
+          write-host "Upgrading pip"
+          python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+
+          write-host "Installing ROCm wheels for multi-arch support"
+          # Install ROCm wheels for multi-arch support (this may take several minutes)
+          python -m pip install --index-url https://repo.amd.com/rocm/whl-multi-arch/ "rocm[libraries,devel]==${{env.ROCM_VERSION}}"
+
+          # Pre-expand the devel tree so it is included in the cache
+          write-host "Initializing ROCm devel tree"
+          rocm-sdk init
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { throw "rocm-sdk init failed with exit code $LASTEXITCODE" }
+          write-host "Completed ROCm wheel installation to C:\TheRock\build"
 
       - name: Setup ROCm Environment
         run: |
-          $rocmPath = "C:\TheRock\build"
+          $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+
+          # Activate venv from cache or fresh install
+          & C:\TheRock\build\.venv\Scripts\Activate.ps1
+
+          # Expand the devel tree (idempotent; no-op if already done during install)
+          rocm-sdk init
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { throw "rocm-sdk init failed with exit code $LASTEXITCODE" }
+
+          # Get ROCm installation paths using the rocm-sdk CLI tool
+          $rocmPath = (rocm-sdk path --root)
+          if (-not $rocmPath) { throw "rocm-sdk path --root returned empty - devel package may not be installed" }
+          $rocmPath = $rocmPath.Trim()
+          $cmakePath = (rocm-sdk path --cmake).Trim()
+          $binPath = (rocm-sdk path --bin).Trim()
+          write-host "ROCm root: $rocmPath"
+          write-host "CMake path: $cmakePath"
+          write-host "Bin path: $binPath"
+
           echo "HIP_PATH=$rocmPath" >> $env:GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=$cmakePath" >> $env:GITHUB_ENV
           echo "HIP_DEVICE_LIB_PATH=$rocmPath\lib\llvm\amdgcn\bitcode" >> $env:GITHUB_ENV
           echo "HIP_PLATFORM=amd" >> $env:GITHUB_ENV
           echo "LLVM_PATH=$rocmPath\lib\llvm" >> $env:GITHUB_ENV
-          echo "$rocmPath\bin" >> $env:GITHUB_PATH
+          echo "$binPath" >> $env:GITHUB_PATH
-          echo "$rocmPath\lib\llvm\bin" >> $env:GITHUB_PATH
+
+          # Keep venv in PATH for subsequent steps
+          echo "C:\TheRock\build\.venv\Scripts" >> $env:GITHUB_PATH
 
       - name: Build
         run: |
@@ -527,139 +561,6 @@ jobs:
       - name: Pack artifacts
         if: ${{ ( github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' ) || github.event.inputs.create_release == 'true' }}
         run: |
-          $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
-          $dst = "build\bin"
-          $rocmBin = Join-Path "${env:HIP_PATH}" "bin"
-          $requiredRocmPaths = @(
-            (Join-Path $rocmBin "rocblas.dll"),
-            (Join-Path $rocmBin "rocblas\library")
-          )
-          foreach ($path in $requiredRocmPaths) {
-            if (!(Test-Path $path)) {
-              throw "Missing ROCm runtime dependency: $path"
-            }
-          }
-
-          foreach ($pattern in @("rocblas*.dll", "hipblas*.dll", "libhipblas*.dll")) {
-            Copy-Item -Path (Join-Path $rocmBin $pattern) -Destination $dst -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
-          }
-
-          foreach ($dir in @("rocblas", "hipblaslt")) {
-            $src = Join-Path $rocmBin $dir
-            if (Test-Path $src) {
-              Copy-Item -Path $src -Destination $dst -Recurse -Force
-            }
-          }
-
-          7z a sd-${{ env.BRANCH_NAME }}-${{ steps.commit.outputs.short }}-bin-win-rocm-${{ env.ROCM_VERSION }}-x64.zip .\build\bin\*
-
-      - name: Upload artifacts
-        if: ${{ ( github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' ) || github.event.inputs.create_release == 'true' }}
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: sd-${{ env.BRANCH_NAME }}-${{ steps.commit.outputs.short }}-bin-win-rocm-${{ env.ROCM_VERSION }}-x64.zip
-          path: |
-            sd-${{ env.BRANCH_NAME }}-${{ steps.commit.outputs.short }}-bin-win-rocm-${{ env.ROCM_VERSION }}-x64.zip
-
-  windows-latest-cmake-hip:
-    runs-on: windows-2022
-
-    env:
-      HIPSDK_INSTALLER_VERSION: "26.Q1"
-      ROCM_VERSION: "7.1.1"
-      GPU_TARGETS: "gfx1150;gfx1151;gfx1200;gfx1201;gfx1100;gfx1101;gfx1102;gfx1030;gfx1031;gfx1032"
-
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-        with:
-          submodules: recursive
-
-      - name: Setup Node
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
-        with:
-          node-version: 20
-
-      - name: Setup pnpm
-        uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
-        with:
-          version: 10.15.1
-
-      - name: Cache ROCm Installation
-        id: cache-rocm
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
-        with:
-          path: C:\Program Files\AMD\ROCm
-          key: rocm-${{ env.HIPSDK_INSTALLER_VERSION }}-${{ runner.os }}
-
-      - name: ccache
-        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
-        with:
-          key: windows-latest-cmake-hip-${{ env.HIPSDK_INSTALLER_VERSION }}-x64
-          evict-old-files: 1d
-
-      - name: Install ROCm
-        if: steps.cache-rocm.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        run: |
-          $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
-          write-host "Downloading AMD HIP SDK Installer"
-          Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://download.amd.com/developer/eula/rocm-hub/AMD-Software-PRO-Edition-${{ env.HIPSDK_INSTALLER_VERSION }}-Win11-For-HIP.exe" -OutFile "${env:RUNNER_TEMP}\rocm-install.exe"
-          write-host "Installing AMD HIP SDK"
-          $proc = Start-Process "${env:RUNNER_TEMP}\rocm-install.exe" -ArgumentList '-install' -NoNewWindow -PassThru
-          $completed = $proc.WaitForExit(600000)
-          if (-not $completed) {
-              Write-Error "ROCm installation timed out after 10 minutes. Killing the process"
-              $proc.Kill()
-              exit 1
-          }
-          if ($proc.ExitCode -ne 0) {
-              Write-Error "ROCm installation failed with exit code $($proc.ExitCode)"
-              exit 1
-          }
-          write-host "Completed AMD HIP SDK installation"
-
-      - name: Verify ROCm
-        run: |
-          # Find and test ROCm installation
-          $clangPath = Get-ChildItem 'C:\Program Files\AMD\ROCm\*\bin\clang.exe' | Select-Object -First 1
-          if (-not $clangPath) {
-            Write-Error "ROCm installation not found"
-            exit 1
-          }
-          & $clangPath.FullName --version
-          # Set HIP_PATH environment variable for later steps
-          echo "HIP_PATH=$(Resolve-Path 'C:\Program Files\AMD\ROCm\*\bin\clang.exe' | split-path | split-path)" >> $env:GITHUB_ENV
-
-      - name: Build
-        run: |
-          mkdir build
-          cd build
-          $env:CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="${env:HIP_PATH}"
-          cmake .. `
-            -G "Unix Makefiles" `
-            -DSD_HIPBLAS=ON `
-            -DSD_BUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON `
-            -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF `
-            -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang `
-            -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++ `
-            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release `
-            -DGPU_TARGETS="${{ env.GPU_TARGETS }}"
-          cmake --build . --config Release --parallel ${env:NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS}
-
-      - name: Get commit hash
-        id: commit
-        if: ${{ ( github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' ) || github.event.inputs.create_release == 'true' }}
-        uses: prompt/actions-commit-hash@v2
-
-      - name: Pack artifacts
-        if: ${{ ( github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' ) || github.event.inputs.create_release == 'true' }}
-        run: |
-          md "build\bin\rocblas\library\"
-          md "build\bin\hipblaslt\library"
-          cp "${env:HIP_PATH}\bin\libhipblas.dll" "build\bin\"
-          cp "${env:HIP_PATH}\bin\libhipblaslt.dll" "build\bin\"
-          cp "${env:HIP_PATH}\bin\rocblas.dll" "build\bin\"
-          cp "${env:HIP_PATH}\bin\rocblas\library\*" "build\bin\rocblas\library\"
-          cp "${env:HIP_PATH}\bin\hipblaslt\library\*" "build\bin\hipblaslt\library\"
           7z a sd-${{ env.BRANCH_NAME }}-${{ steps.commit.outputs.short }}-bin-win-rocm-${{ env.ROCM_VERSION }}-x64.zip .\build\bin\*
 
       - name: Upload artifacts
@@ -679,11 +580,8 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         include:
-          - ROCM_VERSION: "7.2.1"
+          - ROCM_VERSION: "7.14.0"
-            gpu_targets: "gfx908;gfx90a;gfx942;gfx1030;gfx1031;gfx1032;gfx1100;gfx1101;gfx1102;gfx1151;gfx1150;gfx1200;gfx1201"
+            gpu_targets: "gfx900;gfx906;gfx908;gfx90a;gfx90c;gfx942;gfx950;gfx1010;gfx1011;gfx1012;gfx1030;gfx1031;gfx1032;gfx1033;gfx1034;gfx1035;gfx1036;gfx1100;gfx1101;gfx1102;gfx1103;gfx1150;gfx1151;gfx1152;gfx1153;gfx1200;gfx1201"
-            build: 'x64'
-          - ROCM_VERSION: "7.13.0"
-            gpu_targets: "gfx906;gfx908;gfx90a;gfx942;gfx950;gfx1010;gfx1011;gfx1012;gfx1030;gfx1031;gfx1032;gfx1033;gfx1034;gfx1035;gfx1036;gfx1100;gfx1101;gfx1102;gfx1150;gfx1151;gfx1152;gfx1200;gfx1201"
             build: x64
 
     steps:
@@ -702,7 +600,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Dependencies
         id: depends
         run: |
-          sudo apt install -y build-essential cmake wget zip ninja-build
+          sudo apt install -y build-essential git cmake wget
 
       - name: Free disk space
         run: |
@@ -723,38 +621,36 @@ jobs:
           sudo apt clean
           df -h
 
-      - name: Setup Legacy ROCm
+      - name: Setup TheRock with Wheels
-        if: matrix.ROCM_VERSION == '7.2.1'
-        id: legacy_env
-        run: |
-          sudo mkdir --parents --mode=0755 /etc/apt/keyrings
-          wget https://repo.radeon.com/rocm/rocm.gpg.key -O - | \
-            gpg --dearmor | sudo tee /etc/apt/keyrings/rocm.gpg > /dev/null
-
-          sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/rocm.list << EOF
-          deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/rocm.gpg] https://repo.radeon.com/rocm/apt/${{ matrix.ROCM_VERSION }} noble main
-          EOF
-
-          sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/rocm-pin-600 << EOF
-          Package: *
-          Pin: release o=repo.radeon.com
-          Pin-Priority: 600
-          EOF
-
-          sudo apt update
-          sudo apt-get install -y libssl-dev rocm-hip-sdk
-
-      - name: Setup TheRock
-        if: matrix.ROCM_VERSION != '7.2.1'
         id: therock_env
         run: |
-          wget https://repo.amd.com/rocm/tarball/therock-dist-linux-gfx1151-${{ matrix.ROCM_VERSION }}.tar.gz
+          # Create Python virtual environment
-          mkdir install
+          python3 -m venv .venv
-          tar -xf *.tar.gz -C install
+          source .venv/bin/activate
-          export ROCM_PATH=$(pwd)/install
+
-          echo ROCM_PATH=$ROCM_PATH >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          # Install ROCm wheels for build
-          echo PATH=$PATH:$ROCM_PATH/bin >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          # libraries = HIP runtime and CMake configs needed for linking
-          echo LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ROCM_PATH/lib:$ROCM_PATH/llvm/lib:$ROCM_PATH/lib/rocprofiler-systems >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          # devel = compilers, headers, static libs
+          python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+          python -m pip install --index-url https://repo.amd.com/rocm/whl-multi-arch/ "rocm[libraries,devel]==${{matrix.ROCM_VERSION}}"
+
+          # Get ROCm installation paths using the rocm-sdk CLI tool
+          ROCM_PATH=$(rocm-sdk path --root)
+          CMAKE_PATH=$(rocm-sdk path --cmake)
+          BIN_PATH=$(rocm-sdk path --bin)
+          echo "ROCM_PATH=$ROCM_PATH"
+          echo "CMAKE_PATH=$CMAKE_PATH"
+          echo "BIN_PATH=$BIN_PATH"
+
+          # Set environment variables
+          echo "ROCM_PATH=$ROCM_PATH" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=$CMAKE_PATH" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "HIP_PATH=$ROCM_PATH" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "PATH=$BIN_PATH:${PATH}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ROCM_PATH/lib:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:-}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+          # Keep venv activated for subsequent steps
+          echo "$(pwd)/.venv/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
 
       # setup-node installs into /opt/hostedtoolcache, which is removed above.
       # Keep Node/pnpm setup after disk cleanup so the server frontend can be embedded.
@@ -839,7 +735,6 @@ jobs:
       - build-and-push-docker-images
       - macOS-latest-cmake
       - windows-latest-cmake
-      - windows-latest-cmake-hip
       - windows-latest-rocm
 
     steps:

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -11,10 +11,11 @@ endif()
 if (MSVC)
     add_compile_definitions(_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS)
     add_compile_definitions(_SILENCE_CXX17_CODECVT_HEADER_DEPRECATION_WARNING)
+    # /MP is MSVC-only: icx rejects it outright once offloading is enabled.
     add_compile_options(
-        $<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:C>:/MP>
+        $<$<AND:$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:C>,$<C_COMPILER_ID:MSVC>>:/MP>
         $<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:C>:/utf-8>
-        $<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>:/MP>
+        $<$<AND:$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>,$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:MSVC>>:/MP>
         $<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>:/utf-8>
     )
 endif()

README.md

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ API and command-line option may change frequently.***
 
 ## 🔥Important News
 
+* **2026/08/04** 🚀 stable-diffusion.cpp adds **Day-1 support for MiniMax-H3**
 * **2026/06/25** 🚀 stable-diffusion.cpp now supports **Krea2**
 * **2026/06/04** 🚀 stable-diffusion.cpp now supports **Ideogram4**
 * **2026/05/31** 🚀 stable-diffusion.cpp now supports **PiD**
@@ -66,11 +67,12 @@ API and command-line option may change frequently.***
     - [Mage-Flow-Edit](./docs/mage_flow.md#image-editing)
   - Video Models
     - [Wan2.1/Wan2.2](./docs/wan.md)
+    - [MiniMax-H3](./docs/minimax_h3.md)
     - [LTX-2.3](./docs/ltx2.md)
     - [HunyuanVideo 1.5](./docs/hunyuan_video.md)
     - [LingBot-Video](./docs/lingbot_video.md)
   - [PhotoMaker](./docs/photo_maker.md) support.
-  - [IP-Adapter](./docs/ip_adapter.md) support (SD 1.5 and SDXL)
+  - [IP-Adapter](./docs/ip_adapter.md) support (SD 1.5 and SDXL, including Plus)
   - Control Net support with SD 1.5
   - [ADetailer](./docs/adetailer.md)
   - LoRA support, same as [stable-diffusion-webui](https://github.com/AUTOMATIC1111/stable-diffusion-webui/wiki/Features#lora)
@@ -168,6 +170,7 @@ These projects wrap `stable-diffusion.cpp` for easier use in other languages/fra
 
 These projects use `stable-diffusion.cpp` as a backend for their image generation.
 
+- [GIMP Plugins](https://github.com/themanyone/gimp-plugins)
 - [Jellybox](https://jellybox.com)
 - [Stable Diffusion GUI](https://github.com/fszontagh/sd.cpp.gui.wx)
 - [Stable Diffusion CLI-GUI](https://github.com/piallai/stable-diffusion.cpp)

docs/ip_adapter.md

@@ -11,6 +11,10 @@ through a decoupled cross-attention added to every attn2 layer of the
 UNet. It composes with Control Net, so a reference image (appearance) and
 an OpenPose hint (pose) can be combined in a single generation.
 
+Both the classic adapters and the higher-fidelity **Plus** adapters are
+supported; see [Plus variants](#plus-variants) below. The variant is
+detected from the weight file, so the same options work for both.
+
 ## Required weights
 
 1. A base SD 1.5 or SDXL model.
@@ -21,6 +25,11 @@ an OpenPose hint (pose) can be combined in a single generation.
    [h94/IP-Adapter](https://huggingface.co/h94/IP-Adapter):
    - SD 1.5: `models/ip-adapter_sd15.safetensors`
    - SDXL: `sdxl_models/ip-adapter_sdxl_vit-h.safetensors`
+   - SD 1.5 Plus: `models/ip-adapter-plus_sd15.safetensors`
+   - SDXL Plus: `sdxl_models/ip-adapter-plus_sdxl_vit-h.safetensors`
+
+   The Plus files (`ip-adapter-plus_*`) are used exactly like the classic
+   ones; see [Plus variants](#plus-variants).
 
 ## Options
 
@@ -45,6 +54,29 @@ sd-cli -m ..\models\sdxl.safetensors --clip_vision ..\models\clip_vision_h.safet
 The SDXL VAE decode at 1024x1024 is memory heavy; add `--vae-tiling` (and
 `--offload-to-cpu`) on GPUs with limited VRAM.
 
+## Plus variants
+
+The Plus adapters (`ip-adapter-plus_sd15`, `ip-adapter-plus_sdxl_vit-h`)
+replace the small linear image projection with a Resampler (a
+Perceiver-style module with learned latent queries). Instead of pooling the
+CLIP-Vision output into one vector, the Resampler attends over the full grid
+of penultimate CLIP-Vision hidden states and emits more image tokens (16
+instead of 4). The result transfers finer detail and layout from the
+reference, at a small extra cost in the image-projection step.
+
+No extra flags are needed. The variant is detected from the weight file (the
+Resampler's `image_proj.latents` tensor), and every Resampler dimension is
+read from the tensor shapes, so the same `--ip-adapter`,
+`--ip-adapter-image`, and `--ip-adapter-strength` options apply. Plus
+composes with Control Net in the same way as the classic adapters.
+
+```
+sd-cli -m ..\models\sd_v1.5.safetensors --clip_vision ..\models\clip_vision_h.safetensors --ip-adapter ..\models\ip-adapter-plus_sd15.safetensors --ip-adapter-image ..\assets\reference.png --ip-adapter-strength 0.8 -p "a woman, best quality" -n "lowres, bad anatomy" --cfg-scale 7 --steps 30 --sampling-method dpm++2m --scheduler karras -W 512 -H 512
+```
+
+The startup log line `IP-Adapter: 16 image tokens` (versus `4` for the
+classic adapters) confirms a Plus file was loaded.
+
 ## Combining with Control Net
 
 Add the usual Control Net options to keep the reference appearance while

docs/minimax_h3.md

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+# MiniMax-H3
+
+MiniMax-H3 jointly generates video and stereo audio with a packed diffusion
+transformer. The implementation supports text-to-audio-video (T2VA), optional
+first-frame conditioning (I2VA), first/last-frame conditioning (FL2VA), and
+image/video/audio reference conditioning (Ref2VA).
+
+## Model files
+
+Pass the four MiniMax-H3 components separately:
+
+- `--diffusion-model`: MiniMax-H3 diffusion transformer
+- `--vae`: MiniMax-H3 video VAE
+- `--audio-vae`: MiniMax-H3 audio VAE
+- `--llm`: the MiniMax-H3 Qwen3-VL-32B text encoder checkpoint
+
+The text encoder must be the MiniMax-H3 variant: Qwen3-VL-32B truncated to 50
+language layers and exported without the final language-model normalization.
+Its Qwen3-VL vision tower, including the three DeepStack mergers, must also be
+present. If the vision tower is stored separately, pass it with `--llm_vision`.
+
+Both the original time-embedder DiT and the smaller AdaLN curve-table variant
+are detected from their weights.
+
+### Download weights
+
+- Download minimax_h3_fl2va/minimax_h3_ref2va
+    - safetensors: https://huggingface.co/Comfy-Org/MiniMax-H3/tree/main/diffusion_models
+    - gguf: https://huggingface.co/leejet/MiniMax-H3-GGUF/tree/main
+- Download qwen3vl_32b_minimax_h3
+    - safetensors: https://huggingface.co/Comfy-Org/MiniMax-H3/tree/main/text_encoders
+    - gguf: https://huggingface.co/leejet/MiniMax-H3-GGUF/tree/main
+- Download vae
+    - safetensors: https://huggingface.co/Comfy-Org/MiniMax-H3/tree/main/vae
+- Download audio vae
+    - safetensors: https://huggingface.co/Comfy-Org/MiniMax-H3/tree/main/vae
+
+## Text-to-audio-video
+
+```sh
+.\bin\Release\sd-cli.exe -M vid_gen --diffusion-model  ..\models\diffusion_models\minimax_h3_fl2va-Q4_K_M.gguf --vae ..\models\vae\minimax_h3_video_vae_fp16.safetensors --audio-vae ..\models\vae\minimax_h3_audio_vae_fp32.safetensors --llm ..\models\text_encoders\qwen3vl_32b_minimax_h3-Q4_K_M.gguf -p "A cute American Shorthair silver tabby kitten surfs on a tropical ocean wave, riding a white surfboard with the clear text 'sd.cpp' on it. Cinematic tracking shot, realistic water, bright sunlight, smooth motion, and consistent character appearance. Add upbeat tropical surf-rock background music with cheerful drums and guitar, synchronized with the kitten’s energetic surfing." --cfg-scale 1.0 -v -W 864 -H 480 --diffusion-fa --offload-to-cpu --rng cpu --fps 24 --video-frames 56
+```
+
+<video src=../assets/minimax-h3/t2av.mp4 controls="controls" muted="muted" type="video/mp4"></video>
+
+Omitting `--audio-vae` still runs the joint diffusion model but produces video without a
+decoded audio track.
+
+## First/last-frame conditioning
+
+Add `--init-img` for I2VA, or both `--init-img` and `--end-img` for FL2VA:
+
+```sh
+.\bin\Release\sd-cli.exe -M vid_gen --diffusion-model  ..\models\diffusion_models\minimax_h3_fl2va-Q4_K_M.gguf --vae ..\models\vae\minimax_h3_video_vae_fp16.safetensors --audio-vae ..\models\vae\minimax_h3_audio_vae_fp32.safetensors --llm ..\models\text_encoders\qwen3vl_32b_minimax_h3-Q4_K_M.gguf -p "a lovely cat" -i ..\assets\ernie_image\turbo_example.png --cfg-scale 1.0 -v -W 864 -H 480 --diffusion-fa --offload-to-cpu --rng cpu --fps 24 --video-frames 56
+```
+
+<video src=../assets/minimax-h3/i2av.mp4 controls="controls" muted="muted" type="video/mp4"></video>
+
+## Reference-to-audio-video conditioning
+
+Ref2VA accepts any combination of reference images, reference videos, paired
+video soundtracks, and standalone audio references:
+
+```sh
+.\bin\Release\sd-cli.exe -M vid_gen --diffusion-model  ..\models\diffusion_models\minimax_h3_ref2va_pruned-Q4_K_M.gguf --vae ..\models\vae\minimax_h3_video_vae_fp16.safetensors --audio-vae ..\models\vae\minimax_h3_audio_vae_fp32.safetensors --llm ..\models\text_encoders\qwen3vl_32b_minimax_h3-Q4_K_M.gguf -p "Use the cat from <Picture 1> as the main character. Keep the cat’s appearance, fur color, facial features, and identity consistent with the reference image. Create a 2-second cinematic video: start with an extreme close-up shot of the cat’s face, focusing on its cute expression and detailed fur texture. The camera slowly rotates around the cat’s head, creating a dynamic reveal. Then smoothly pull back and zoom out to reveal the full scene: the cat is standing confidently on a surfboard, riding ocean waves. Water splashes around the board, sea breeze gently moves the cat’s fur, and the cat maintains a cute and fearless expression while surfing. Smooth camera movement, cinematic orbit shot, seamless zoom-out transition, low-angle wide shot, realistic ocean environment, golden sunlight, dynamic waves, high-quality realistic style, natural motion, no distortion, keep the cat’s identity unchanged." -r ..\assets\ernie_image\turbo_example.png --cfg-scale 1.0 -v -W 864 -H 480 --diffusion-fa --offload-to-cpu --rng cpu --fps 24 --video-frames 56
+```
+
+<video src=../assets/minimax-h3/r2av.mp4 controls="controls" muted="muted" type="video/mp4"></video>
+
+`--ref-image`, `--ref-video`, and `--ref-audio` can each be repeated. A
+reference video is a directory of image frames sorted lexicographically and is
+treated as 24 fps. Repeated `--ref-video-audio` WAV files are paired by index
+with repeated `--ref-video` inputs. WAV PCM (8/16/24/32-bit) and 32/64-bit
+floating-point samples are accepted; audio is converted to stereo 32 kHz by the
+pipeline.
+
+Reference inputs are presented to Qwen3-VL in image, video, then audio order.
+Videos are sampled at 2 fps for the Qwen presentation while their full 24 fps
+latents condition the diffusion transformer. Paired video and audio references
+share the same timeline. Ref2VA cannot be combined with `--init-img` or
+`--end-img` in one request.
+
+Reference images keep their aspect ratio and are only downscaled when their
+pixel area exceeds the requested generation canvas.
+
+The C API exposes the same inputs through `ref_images`, `ref_videos`, and
+`ref_audios` in `sd_vid_gen_params_t`. Each `sd_ref_video_t` supplies its own
+frame rate and optional soundtrack; non-24-fps inputs are resampled internally.
+
+## Shape and runtime notes
+
+- Width and height are aligned upward to a multiple of 32.
+- Frame count is aligned upward to the `17k + 5` grid, with a minimum of 5.
+- MiniMax-H3 runs at 24 fps; another requested value is overridden.
+- The default video flow shift is 12. The audio stream is mapped internally to
+  its shift of 3, so the regular samplers can operate on the packed AV latent.

examples/cli/main.cpp

@@ -754,6 +754,18 @@ int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) {
         return true;
     };
 
+    auto load_audio = [&](const std::string& path, SDAudioOwner& audio) -> bool {
+        std::vector<float> samples;
+        uint32_t sample_rate = 0;
+        uint32_t channels    = 0;
+        if (!load_wav_from_file(path, samples, sample_rate, channels)) {
+            LOG_ERROR("load WAV audio from '%s' failed", path.c_str());
+            return false;
+        }
+        audio.reset(std::move(samples), sample_rate, channels);
+        return true;
+    };
+
     if (gen_params.init_image_path.size() > 0) {
         if (!load_image_and_update_size(gen_params.init_image_path, gen_params.init_image)) {
             return 1;
@@ -777,6 +789,37 @@ int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) {
         }
     }
 
+    if (!gen_params.ref_video_paths.empty()) {
+        gen_params.ref_videos.clear();
+        gen_params.ref_videos.reserve(gen_params.ref_video_paths.size());
+        for (const auto& path : gen_params.ref_video_paths) {
+            std::vector<SDImageOwner> frames;
+            if (!load_images_from_dir(path, frames, 0, 0, 0, cli_params.verbose) || frames.empty()) {
+                LOG_ERROR("load reference video frames from '%s' failed", path.c_str());
+                return 1;
+            }
+            gen_params.ref_videos.push_back(std::move(frames));
+        }
+
+        gen_params.ref_video_audios.clear();
+        gen_params.ref_video_audios.resize(gen_params.ref_videos.size());
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < gen_params.ref_video_audio_paths.size(); ++i) {
+            if (!load_audio(gen_params.ref_video_audio_paths[i], gen_params.ref_video_audios[i])) {
+                return 1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!gen_params.ref_audio_paths.empty()) {
+        gen_params.ref_audios.clear();
+        gen_params.ref_audios.resize(gen_params.ref_audio_paths.size());
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < gen_params.ref_audio_paths.size(); ++i) {
+            if (!load_audio(gen_params.ref_audio_paths[i], gen_params.ref_audios[i])) {
+                return 1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     if (gen_params.mask_image_path.size() > 0) {
         if (!load_sd_image_from_file(gen_params.mask_image.put(),
                                      gen_params.mask_image_path.c_str(),

examples/common/common.cpp

@@ -1008,7 +1008,7 @@ ArgOptions SDGenerationParams::get_options() {
          &hires_upscaler},
         {"",
          "--extra-sample-args",
-         "extra sampler/scheduler/guidance args, key=value list. CFG supports guidance_schedule; APG supports apg_eta, apg_momentum, apg_norm_threshold, apg_norm_threshold_smoothing; SLG supports slg_uncond; lcm supports noise_clip_std, noise_scale_start, noise_scale_end; flux supports base_shift, max_shift; ltx2 supports max_shift, base_shift, stretch, terminal; euler_ge supports gamma;; logit_normal supports mu, std, logsnr_min, logsnr_max, resolution_aware",
+         "extra sampler/scheduler/guidance args, key=value list. CFG supports guidance_schedule; APG supports apg_eta, apg_momentum, apg_norm_threshold, apg_norm_threshold_smoothing; SLG supports slg_uncond; lcm supports noise_clip_std, noise_scale_start, noise_scale_end; flux supports base_shift, max_shift; ltx2 supports max_shift, base_shift, stretch, terminal; euler_ge supports gamma; beta scheduler supports alpha, beta; logit_normal supports mu, std, logsnr_min, logsnr_max, resolution_aware; lms supports lms_divisions",
          (int)',',
          &extra_sample_args},
         {"",
@@ -1404,6 +1404,30 @@ ArgOptions SDGenerationParams::get_options() {
         return 1;
     };
 
+    auto on_ref_video_arg = [&](int argc, const char** argv, int index) {
+        if (++index >= argc) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        ref_video_paths.push_back(argv[index]);
+        return 1;
+    };
+
+    auto on_ref_video_audio_arg = [&](int argc, const char** argv, int index) {
+        if (++index >= argc) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        ref_video_audio_paths.push_back(argv[index]);
+        return 1;
+    };
+
+    auto on_ref_audio_arg = [&](int argc, const char** argv, int index) {
+        if (++index >= argc) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        ref_audio_paths.push_back(argv[index]);
+        return 1;
+    };
+
     auto on_cache_mode_arg = [&](int argc, const char** argv, int index) {
         if (++index >= argc) {
             return -1;
@@ -1538,12 +1562,12 @@ ArgOptions SDGenerationParams::get_options() {
          on_seed_arg},
         {"",
          "--sampling-method",
-         "sampling method, one of [euler, euler_a, heun, dpm2, dpm++2s_a, dpm++2m, dpm++2mv2, dpm++2m_sde, dpm++2m_sde_bt, ipndm, ipndm_v, lcm, ddim_trailing, tcd, res_multistep, res_2s, er_sde, euler_cfg_pp, euler_a_cfg_pp]"
+         "sampling method, one of [euler, euler_a, heun, dpm2, dpm++2s_a, dpm++2m, dpm++2mv2, dpm++2m_sde, dpm++2m_sde_bt, ipndm, ipndm_v, lcm, ddim_trailing, tcd, res_multistep, res_2s, er_sde, euler_cfg_pp, euler_a_cfg_pp, lms]"
          "(default: euler for Flux/SD3/Wan, euler_a otherwise)",
          on_sample_method_arg},
         {"",
          "--high-noise-sampling-method",
-         "(high noise) sampling method, one of [euler, euler_a, heun, dpm2, dpm++2s_a, dpm++2m, dpm++2mv2, dpm++2m_sde, dpm++2m_sde_bt, ipndm, ipndm_v, lcm, ddim_trailing, tcd, res_multistep, res_2s, er_sde, euler_cfg_pp, euler_a_cfg_pp]"
+         "(high noise) sampling method, one of [euler, euler_a, heun, dpm2, dpm++2s_a, dpm++2m, dpm++2mv2, dpm++2m_sde, dpm++2m_sde_bt, ipndm, ipndm_v, lcm, ddim_trailing, tcd, res_multistep, res_2s, er_sde, euler_cfg_pp, euler_a_cfg_pp, lms]"
          " default: euler for Flux/SD3/Wan, euler_a otherwise",
          on_high_noise_sample_method_arg},
         {"",
@@ -1568,8 +1592,20 @@ ArgOptions SDGenerationParams::get_options() {
          on_high_noise_skip_layers_arg},
         {"-r",
          "--ref-image",
-         "reference image for Flux Kontext models (can be used multiple times)",
+         "reference image for Flux Kontext or MiniMax-H3 Ref2VA (can be used multiple times)",
          on_ref_image_arg},
+        {"",
+         "--ref-video",
+         "MiniMax-H3 Ref2VA reference video frame directory at 24 fps (can be used multiple times)",
+         on_ref_video_arg},
+        {"",
+         "--ref-video-audio",
+         "WAV soundtrack paired by index with --ref-video (can be used multiple times)",
+         on_ref_video_audio_arg},
+        {"",
+         "--ref-audio",
+         "standalone WAV reference for MiniMax-H3 Ref2VA (can be used multiple times)",
+         on_ref_audio_arg},
         {"",
          "--cache-mode",
          "caching method: 'easycache' (DiT), 'ucache' (UNET), 'dbcache'/'taylorseer'/'cache-dit' (DiT block-level), 'spectrum' (UNET/DiT Chebyshev+Taylor forecasting)",
@@ -1901,6 +1937,7 @@ bool SDGenerationParams::from_json_str(
 
     load_if_exists("strength", strength);
     load_if_exists("control_strength", control_strength);
+    load_if_exists("ip_adapter_strength", ip_adapter_strength);
     load_if_exists("moe_boundary", moe_boundary);
     load_if_exists("vace_strength", vace_strength);
 
@@ -2072,6 +2109,10 @@ bool SDGenerationParams::from_json_str(
         LOG_ERROR("invalid control_image");
         return false;
     }
+    if (!parse_image_json_field(j, "ip_adapter_image", 3, width, height, ip_adapter_image)) {
+        LOG_ERROR("invalid ip_adapter_image");
+        return false;
+    }
 
     return true;
 }
@@ -2361,6 +2402,16 @@ bool SDGenerationParams::validate(SDMode mode) {
         return false;
     }
 
+    if (ref_video_audio_paths.size() > ref_video_paths.size()) {
+        LOG_ERROR("error: each --ref-video-audio needs a corresponding --ref-video");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (mode != VID_GEN && (!ref_video_paths.empty() || !ref_video_audio_paths.empty() || !ref_audio_paths.empty())) {
+        LOG_ERROR("error: reference video and audio inputs require vid_gen mode");
+        return false;
+    }
+
     if (sample_params.shifted_timestep < 0 || sample_params.shifted_timestep > 1000) {
         LOG_ERROR("error: shifted_timestep must be in range [0, 1000]");
         return false;
@@ -2555,6 +2606,35 @@ sd_vid_gen_params_t SDGenerationParams::to_sd_vid_gen_params_t() {
         control_frame_views.push_back(frame.get());
     }
 
+    ref_image_views.clear();
+    ref_image_views.reserve(ref_images.size());
+    for (auto& image : ref_images) {
+        ref_image_views.push_back(image.get());
+    }
+
+    ref_video_frame_views.clear();
+    ref_video_frame_views.resize(ref_videos.size());
+    ref_video_views.clear();
+    ref_video_views.reserve(ref_videos.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < ref_videos.size(); ++i) {
+        auto& frame_views = ref_video_frame_views[i];
+        frame_views.reserve(ref_videos[i].size());
+        for (auto& frame : ref_videos[i]) {
+            frame_views.push_back(frame.get());
+        }
+        sd_audio_t audio = i < ref_video_audios.size() ? ref_video_audios[i].get() : sd_audio_t{};
+        ref_video_views.push_back({frame_views.empty() ? nullptr : frame_views.data(),
+                                   static_cast<int>(frame_views.size()),
+                                   24,
+                                   audio});
+    }
+
+    ref_audio_views.clear();
+    ref_audio_views.reserve(ref_audios.size());
+    for (auto& audio : ref_audios) {
+        ref_audio_views.push_back(audio.get());
+    }
+
     sample_params.guidance.slg.layers                 = skip_layers.empty() ? nullptr : skip_layers.data();
     sample_params.guidance.slg.layer_count            = skip_layers.size();
     high_noise_sample_params.guidance.slg.layers      = high_noise_skip_layers.empty() ? nullptr : high_noise_skip_layers.data();
@@ -2573,6 +2653,12 @@ sd_vid_gen_params_t SDGenerationParams::to_sd_vid_gen_params_t() {
     params.clip_skip                 = clip_skip;
     params.init_image                = init_image.get();
     params.end_image                 = end_image.get();
+    params.ref_images                = ref_image_views.empty() ? nullptr : ref_image_views.data();
+    params.ref_images_count          = static_cast<int>(ref_image_views.size());
+    params.ref_videos                = ref_video_views.empty() ? nullptr : ref_video_views.data();
+    params.ref_videos_count          = static_cast<int>(ref_video_views.size());
+    params.ref_audios                = ref_audio_views.empty() ? nullptr : ref_audio_views.data();
+    params.ref_audios_count          = static_cast<int>(ref_audio_views.size());
     params.control_frames            = control_frame_views.empty() ? nullptr : control_frame_views.data();
     params.control_frames_size       = static_cast<int>(control_frame_views.size());
     params.width                     = get_resolved_width();
@@ -2652,6 +2738,9 @@ std::string SDGenerationParams::to_string() const {
         << "  mask_image_path: \"" << mask_image_path << "\",\n"
         << "  control_image_path: \"" << control_image_path << "\",\n"
         << "  ref_image_paths: " << vec_str_to_string(ref_image_paths) << ",\n"
+        << "  ref_video_paths: " << vec_str_to_string(ref_video_paths) << ",\n"
+        << "  ref_video_audio_paths: " << vec_str_to_string(ref_video_audio_paths) << ",\n"
+        << "  ref_audio_paths: " << vec_str_to_string(ref_audio_paths) << ",\n"
         << "  control_video_path: \"" << control_video_path << "\",\n"
         << "  auto_resize_ref_image: " << (auto_resize_ref_image ? "true" : "false") << ",\n"
         << "  increase_ref_index: " << (increase_ref_index ? "true" : "false") << ",\n"
@@ -2807,6 +2896,7 @@ std::string build_sdcpp_image_metadata_json(const SDContextParams& ctx_params,
     root["clip_skip"]             = gen_params.clip_skip;
     root["strength"]              = gen_params.strength;
     root["control_strength"]      = gen_params.control_strength;
+    root["ip_adapter_strength"]   = gen_params.ip_adapter_strength;
     root["auto_resize_ref_image"] = gen_params.auto_resize_ref_image;
     root["increase_ref_index"]    = gen_params.increase_ref_index;
     if (mode == VID_GEN) {

examples/common/common.h

@@ -212,6 +212,9 @@ struct SDGenerationParams {
     std::string control_image_path;
     std::string ip_adapter_image_path;
     std::vector<std::string> ref_image_paths;
+    std::vector<std::string> ref_video_paths;
+    std::vector<std::string> ref_video_audio_paths;
+    std::vector<std::string> ref_audio_paths;
     std::string control_video_path;
 
     sd_sample_params_t sample_params;
@@ -275,6 +278,9 @@ struct SDGenerationParams {
     SDImageOwner init_image;
     SDImageOwner end_image;
     std::vector<SDImageOwner> ref_images;
+    std::vector<std::vector<SDImageOwner>> ref_videos;
+    std::vector<SDAudioOwner> ref_video_audios;
+    std::vector<SDAudioOwner> ref_audios;
     SDImageOwner mask_image;
     SDImageOwner control_image;
     SDImageOwner ip_adapter_image;
@@ -283,6 +289,9 @@ struct SDGenerationParams {
 
     // Backing storage for sd_img_gen_params_t view fields.
     std::vector<sd_image_t> ref_image_views;
+    std::vector<std::vector<sd_image_t>> ref_video_frame_views;
+    std::vector<sd_ref_video_t> ref_video_views;
+    std::vector<sd_audio_t> ref_audio_views;
     std::vector<sd_image_t> pm_id_image_views;
     std::vector<sd_image_t> control_frame_views;
 

examples/common/media_io.cpp

@@ -1374,3 +1374,132 @@ bool write_wav_to_file(const std::string& path,
     file.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(pcm.data()), static_cast<std::streamsize>(pcm.size() * sizeof(int16_t)));
     return file.good();
 }
+
+static uint16_t read_le16(const uint8_t* data) {
+    return static_cast<uint16_t>(data[0]) |
+           (static_cast<uint16_t>(data[1]) << 8);
+}
+
+static uint32_t read_le32(const uint8_t* data) {
+    return static_cast<uint32_t>(data[0]) |
+           (static_cast<uint32_t>(data[1]) << 8) |
+           (static_cast<uint32_t>(data[2]) << 16) |
+           (static_cast<uint32_t>(data[3]) << 24);
+}
+
+bool load_wav_from_file(const std::string& path,
+                        std::vector<float>& interleaved_samples,
+                        uint32_t& sample_rate,
+                        uint32_t& channels) {
+    interleaved_samples.clear();
+    sample_rate = 0;
+    channels    = 0;
+
+    std::ifstream file(path, std::ios::binary);
+    uint8_t riff_header[12];
+    if (!file.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(riff_header), sizeof(riff_header)) ||
+        std::memcmp(riff_header, "RIFF", 4) != 0 ||
+        std::memcmp(riff_header + 8, "WAVE", 4) != 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    uint16_t audio_format    = 0;
+    uint16_t bits_per_sample = 0;
+    uint16_t block_align     = 0;
+    std::streampos data_pos  = std::streampos(-1);
+    uint32_t data_size       = 0;
+
+    while (file.good()) {
+        uint8_t chunk_header[8];
+        if (!file.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(chunk_header), sizeof(chunk_header))) {
+            break;
+        }
+        uint32_t chunk_size           = read_le32(chunk_header + 4);
+        std::streampos chunk_data_pos = file.tellg();
+
+        if (std::memcmp(chunk_header, "fmt ", 4) == 0) {
+            if (chunk_size < 16) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            std::vector<uint8_t> fmt(chunk_size);
+            if (!file.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(fmt.data()), chunk_size)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            audio_format    = read_le16(fmt.data());
+            channels        = read_le16(fmt.data() + 2);
+            sample_rate     = read_le32(fmt.data() + 4);
+            block_align     = read_le16(fmt.data() + 12);
+            bits_per_sample = read_le16(fmt.data() + 14);
+            if (audio_format == 0xfffe && chunk_size >= 40) {
+                audio_format = read_le16(fmt.data() + 24);
+            }
+        } else if (std::memcmp(chunk_header, "data", 4) == 0) {
+            data_pos  = chunk_data_pos;
+            data_size = chunk_size;
+            file.seekg(chunk_size, std::ios::cur);
+        } else {
+            file.seekg(chunk_size, std::ios::cur);
+        }
+
+        if (!file.good()) {
+            break;
+        }
+        if ((chunk_size & 1) != 0) {
+            file.seekg(1, std::ios::cur);
+        }
+    }
+
+    const uint32_t bytes_per_sample = (bits_per_sample + 7) / 8;
+    if (data_pos == std::streampos(-1) || data_size == 0 || channels == 0 || sample_rate == 0 ||
+        block_align == 0 || bytes_per_sample == 0 || block_align < channels * bytes_per_sample ||
+        (audio_format != 1 && audio_format != 3)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const uint64_t frame_count = data_size / block_align;
+    if (frame_count == 0 || frame_count > SIZE_MAX / channels) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    std::vector<uint8_t> pcm(data_size);
+    file.clear();
+    file.seekg(data_pos);
+    if (!file.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(pcm.data()), data_size)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    interleaved_samples.resize(static_cast<size_t>(frame_count * channels));
+    for (uint64_t frame = 0; frame < frame_count; ++frame) {
+        const uint8_t* frame_data = pcm.data() + frame * block_align;
+        for (uint32_t channel = 0; channel < channels; ++channel) {
+            const uint8_t* sample_data = frame_data + channel * bytes_per_sample;
+            float sample               = 0.0f;
+            if (audio_format == 3 && bits_per_sample == 32) {
+                std::memcpy(&sample, sample_data, sizeof(sample));
+            } else if (audio_format == 3 && bits_per_sample == 64) {
+                double value;
+                std::memcpy(&value, sample_data, sizeof(value));
+                sample = static_cast<float>(value);
+            } else if (audio_format == 1 && bits_per_sample == 8) {
+                sample = (static_cast<int>(sample_data[0]) - 128) / 128.0f;
+            } else if (audio_format == 1 && bits_per_sample == 16) {
+                sample = static_cast<int16_t>(read_le16(sample_data)) / 32768.0f;
+            } else if (audio_format == 1 && bits_per_sample == 24) {
+                int32_t value = static_cast<int32_t>(sample_data[0]) |
+                                (static_cast<int32_t>(sample_data[1]) << 8) |
+                                (static_cast<int32_t>(sample_data[2]) << 16);
+                if ((value & 0x800000) != 0) {
+                    value |= ~0xffffff;
+                }
+                sample = value / 8388608.0f;
+            } else if (audio_format == 1 && bits_per_sample == 32) {
+                int32_t value = static_cast<int32_t>(read_le32(sample_data));
+                sample        = value / 2147483648.0f;
+            } else {
+                interleaved_samples.clear();
+                return false;
+            }
+            interleaved_samples[static_cast<size_t>(frame * channels + channel)] = sample;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}

examples/common/media_io.h

@@ -110,4 +110,9 @@ bool write_wav_to_file(const std::string& path,
                        uint32_t channels,
                        uint32_t sample_rate);
 
+bool load_wav_from_file(const std::string& path,
+                        std::vector<float>& interleaved_samples,
+                        uint32_t& sample_rate,
+                        uint32_t& channels);
+
 #endif  // __MEDIA_IO_H__

examples/common/resource_owners.hpp

@@ -141,6 +141,37 @@ public:
     }
 };
 
+class SDAudioOwner {
+private:
+    uint32_t sample_rate_ = 0;
+    uint32_t channels_    = 0;
+    std::vector<float> samples_;
+
+public:
+    SDAudioOwner() = default;
+
+    void reset(std::vector<float> samples = {}, uint32_t sample_rate = 0, uint32_t channels = 0) {
+        samples_     = std::move(samples);
+        sample_rate_ = sample_rate;
+        channels_    = channels;
+    }
+
+    bool empty() const {
+        return samples_.empty();
+    }
+
+    sd_audio_t get() {
+        return {sample_rate_,
+                channels_,
+                channels_ == 0 ? 0 : static_cast<uint64_t>(samples_.size() / channels_),
+                samples_.empty() ? nullptr : samples_.data()};
+    }
+
+    const std::vector<float>& samples() const {
+        return samples_;
+    }
+};
+
 class SDImageVec {
 private:
     std::vector<sd_image_t> images_;

examples/server/api.md

@@ -528,6 +528,7 @@ Shared default fields used by both `img_gen` and `vid_gen`:
 | `auto_resize_ref_image` | `boolean` |
 | `increase_ref_index` | `boolean` |
 | `control_strength` | `number` |
+| `ip_adapter_strength` | `number` |
 | `hires` | `object` |
 | `hires.enabled` | `boolean` |
 | `hires.upscaler` | `string` |
@@ -567,6 +568,7 @@ Fields returned in `features_by_mode.img_gen`:
 - `init_image`
 - `mask_image`
 - `control_image`
+- `ip_adapter_image`
 - `ref_images`
 - `lora`
 - `vae_tiling`
@@ -653,12 +655,14 @@ Example:
   "auto_resize_ref_image": true,
   "increase_ref_index": false,
   "control_strength": 0.9,
+  "ip_adapter_strength": 1.0,
   "embed_image_metadata": true,
 
   "init_image": null,
   "ref_images": [],
   "mask_image": null,
   "control_image": null,
+  "ip_adapter_image": null,
 
   "sample_params": {
     "scheduler": "discrete",
@@ -733,6 +737,7 @@ Channel expectations:
 - `init_image`: 3 channels
 - `ref_images[]`: 3 channels
 - `control_image`: 3 channels
+- `ip_adapter_image`: 3 channels
 - `mask_image`: 1 channel
 
 If omitted or null:
@@ -757,6 +762,7 @@ Top-level scalar fields:
 | `auto_resize_ref_image` | `boolean` |
 | `increase_ref_index` | `boolean` |
 | `control_strength` | `number` |
+| `ip_adapter_strength` | `number` |
 | `embed_image_metadata` | `boolean` |
 
 Image fields:
@@ -767,6 +773,7 @@ Image fields:
 | `ref_images` | `array<string>` |
 | `mask_image` | `string \| null` |
 | `control_image` | `string \| null` |
+| `ip_adapter_image` | `string \| null` |
 
 LoRA fields:
 
@@ -958,7 +965,7 @@ Response fields:
 Compared with `img_gen`, the `vid_gen` request body:
 
 - `vid_gen` is a single video sequence job, so `batch_count` is not part of the request schema
-- `ref_images`, `mask_image`, `control_image`, `control_strength`, and `embed_image_metadata` are not part of the request schema
+- `ref_images`, `mask_image`, `control_image`, `control_strength`, `ip_adapter_image`, `ip_adapter_strength`, and `embed_image_metadata` are not part of the request schema
 - `vid_gen` adds `end_image`, `control_frames`, `high_noise_sample_params`, `video_frames`, `fps`, `moe_boundary`, and `vace_strength`
 
 Example:

examples/server/routes_sdcpp.cpp

@@ -130,6 +130,7 @@ static json make_img_gen_defaults_json(const SDGenerationParams& defaults, const
         {"auto_resize_ref_image", defaults.auto_resize_ref_image},
         {"increase_ref_index", defaults.increase_ref_index},
         {"control_strength", defaults.control_strength},
+        {"ip_adapter_strength", defaults.ip_adapter_strength},
         {"sample_params", make_sample_params_json(defaults.sample_params, defaults.skip_layers)},
         {"hires", make_hires_json(defaults)},
         {"vae_tiling_params", make_vae_tiling_json(defaults.vae_tiling_params)},
@@ -173,6 +174,7 @@ static json make_img_gen_features_json() {
         {"init_image", true},
         {"mask_image", true},
         {"control_image", true},
+        {"ip_adapter_image", true},
         {"ref_images", true},
         {"lora", true},
         {"vae_tiling", true},

include/stable-diffusion.h

@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ enum sample_method_t {
     EULER_GE_SAMPLE_METHOD,
     DPMPP2M_SDE_SAMPLE_METHOD,
     DPMPP2M_SDE_BT_SAMPLE_METHOD,
+    LMS_SAMPLE_METHOD,
     SAMPLE_METHOD_COUNT
 };
 
@@ -246,6 +247,13 @@ typedef struct {
     uint8_t* data;
 } sd_image_t;
 
+typedef struct {
+    sd_image_t* frames;
+    int frame_count;
+    int fps;
+    sd_audio_t audio;
+} sd_ref_video_t;
+
 typedef struct {
     int* layers;
     size_t layer_count;
@@ -396,6 +404,12 @@ typedef struct {
     int clip_skip;
     sd_image_t init_image;
     sd_image_t end_image;
+    sd_image_t* ref_images;
+    int ref_images_count;
+    sd_ref_video_t* ref_videos;
+    int ref_videos_count;
+    sd_audio_t* ref_audios;
+    int ref_audios_count;
     sd_image_t* control_frames;
     int control_frames_size;
     int width;

scripts/merge_safetensors.py

@@ -0,0 +1,335 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Merge selected tensors from multiple safetensors files without loading weights.
+
+Edit ``OUTPUT_PATH`` and ``SOURCE_RULES`` below, then run:
+
+    python scripts/merge_safetensors.py
+
+Each source rule uses regular expressions against complete tensor names.
+``include`` is required and matches when any expression succeeds. ``exclude``
+wins over ``include``. Expressions are evaluated with ``re.search``.
+"""
+
+import json
+import os
+import re
+import struct
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import BinaryIO
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Configuration
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+OUTPUT_PATH = Path(r"..\models\diffusion_models\minimax_h3_ref2va_pruned_bf16.safetensors")
+
+SOURCE_RULES = [
+    {
+        "path": Path(r"..\models\diffusion_models\minimax_h3_ref2va_bf16.safetensors"),
+        "include": [r".*"],
+        "exclude": [r".*adaln_proj\.linear.*", r"time_embedder.*"],
+    },
+    {
+        "path": Path(r"..\models\diffusion_models\minimax_h3_ref2va_pruned_int8_convrot.safetensors"),
+        "include": [r"^.*adaln_proj\.linear.*", "adaln_t_table"],
+        "exclude": [],
+    },
+]
+
+# Safetensors metadata is optional. Set this to a dict[str, str] if needed.
+OUTPUT_METADATA = None
+
+# Refuse to replace an existing output unless explicitly enabled.
+OVERWRITE_OUTPUT = False
+
+# Only tensor headers and this fixed-size buffer are held in memory.
+COPY_BUFFER_SIZE = 8 * 1024 * 1024
+PROGRESS_INTERVAL = 1024 * 1024 * 1024
+MAX_HEADER_SIZE = 256 * 1024 * 1024
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class TensorEntry:
+    name: str
+    source_path: Path
+    source_data_offset: int
+    source_start: int
+    source_end: int
+    dtype: str
+    shape: list[int]
+
+    @property
+    def size(self) -> int:
+        return self.source_end - self.source_start
+
+
+def format_bytes(size: int) -> str:
+    value = float(size)
+    for unit in ("B", "KiB", "MiB", "GiB", "TiB"):
+        if value < 1024.0 or unit == "TiB":
+            return f"{value:.2f} {unit}"
+        value /= 1024.0
+    raise AssertionError("unreachable")
+
+
+def read_exact(file: BinaryIO, size: int, description: str) -> bytes:
+    data = file.read(size)
+    if len(data) != size:
+        raise ValueError(f"truncated {description}: expected {size} bytes, got {len(data)}")
+    return data
+
+
+def read_safetensors_header(path: Path) -> tuple[dict, int, int]:
+    file_size = path.stat().st_size
+    with path.open("rb") as file:
+        header_size = struct.unpack("<Q", read_exact(file, 8, f"header size in {path}"))[0]
+        if header_size == 0 or header_size > MAX_HEADER_SIZE:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"invalid header size in {path}: {header_size} "
+                f"(limit: {MAX_HEADER_SIZE})"
+            )
+        header_bytes = read_exact(file, header_size, f"header in {path}")
+
+    try:
+        header = json.loads(header_bytes)
+    except (UnicodeDecodeError, json.JSONDecodeError) as error:
+        raise ValueError(f"invalid safetensors JSON header in {path}: {error}") from error
+    if not isinstance(header, dict):
+        raise ValueError(f"safetensors header in {path} is not an object")
+
+    data_offset = 8 + header_size
+    if data_offset > file_size:
+        raise ValueError(f"safetensors data offset is past end of file: {path}")
+    return header, data_offset, file_size
+
+
+def parse_tensor_entry(
+    name: str,
+    info: object,
+    source_path: Path,
+    source_data_offset: int,
+    source_file_size: int,
+) -> TensorEntry:
+    if not isinstance(info, dict):
+        raise ValueError(f"{source_path}: tensor {name!r} has an invalid header entry")
+
+    dtype = info.get("dtype")
+    shape = info.get("shape")
+    offsets = info.get("data_offsets")
+    if not isinstance(dtype, str):
+        raise ValueError(f"{source_path}: tensor {name!r} has an invalid dtype")
+    if not isinstance(shape, list) or not all(
+        isinstance(dimension, int) and dimension >= 0 for dimension in shape
+    ):
+        raise ValueError(f"{source_path}: tensor {name!r} has an invalid shape")
+    if (
+        not isinstance(offsets, list)
+        or len(offsets) != 2
+        or not all(isinstance(offset, int) for offset in offsets)
+    ):
+        raise ValueError(f"{source_path}: tensor {name!r} has invalid data offsets")
+
+    start, end = offsets
+    if start < 0 or end < start or source_data_offset + end > source_file_size:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"{source_path}: tensor {name!r} byte range [{start}, {end}) "
+            "is outside the file"
+        )
+
+    return TensorEntry(
+        name=name,
+        source_path=source_path,
+        source_data_offset=source_data_offset,
+        source_start=start,
+        source_end=end,
+        dtype=dtype,
+        shape=list(shape),
+    )
+
+
+def compile_patterns(rule_index: int, field: str, values: object) -> list[re.Pattern[str]]:
+    if not isinstance(values, list) or not all(isinstance(value, str) for value in values):
+        raise TypeError(f"SOURCE_RULES[{rule_index}][{field!r}] must be a list of strings")
+    try:
+        return [re.compile(value) for value in values]
+    except re.error as error:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"invalid regex in SOURCE_RULES[{rule_index}][{field!r}]: {error}"
+        ) from error
+
+
+def collect_entries() -> list[TensorEntry]:
+    if not SOURCE_RULES:
+        raise ValueError("SOURCE_RULES must contain at least one source")
+
+    entries: list[TensorEntry] = []
+    selected_by_name: dict[str, TensorEntry] = {}
+    header_cache: dict[Path, tuple[dict, int, int]] = {}
+
+    for rule_index, rule in enumerate(SOURCE_RULES):
+        if not isinstance(rule, dict) or "path" not in rule or "include" not in rule:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"SOURCE_RULES[{rule_index}] must contain 'path' and 'include'"
+            )
+
+        source_path = Path(rule["path"])
+        if not source_path.is_file():
+            raise FileNotFoundError(f"source file does not exist: {source_path}")
+        source_path = source_path.resolve()
+
+        include = compile_patterns(rule_index, "include", rule["include"])
+        exclude = compile_patterns(rule_index, "exclude", rule.get("exclude", []))
+        if not include:
+            raise ValueError(f"SOURCE_RULES[{rule_index}]['include'] must not be empty")
+
+        if source_path not in header_cache:
+            header_cache[source_path] = read_safetensors_header(source_path)
+        header, data_offset, file_size = header_cache[source_path]
+
+        matched = 0
+        for name, info in header.items():
+            if name == "__metadata__":
+                continue
+            if not any(pattern.search(name) for pattern in include):
+                continue
+            if any(pattern.search(name) for pattern in exclude):
+                continue
+
+            entry = parse_tensor_entry(name, info, source_path, data_offset, file_size)
+            previous = selected_by_name.get(name)
+            if previous is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"tensor {name!r} was selected more than once:\n"
+                    f"  first:  {previous.source_path}\n"
+                    f"  second: {source_path}"
+                )
+            selected_by_name[name] = entry
+            print(f"entry {entry}")
+            entries.append(entry)
+            matched += 1
+
+        print(f"Rule {rule_index}: selected {matched} tensors from {source_path}")
+        if matched == 0:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"SOURCE_RULES[{rule_index}] did not select any tensors; check its regexes"
+            )
+
+    if not entries:
+        raise ValueError("no tensors were selected")
+    return entries
+
+
+def build_output_header(entries: list[TensorEntry]) -> tuple[bytes, int]:
+    header: dict[str, object] = {}
+    if OUTPUT_METADATA is not None:
+        if not isinstance(OUTPUT_METADATA, dict) or not all(
+            isinstance(key, str) and isinstance(value, str)
+            for key, value in OUTPUT_METADATA.items()
+        ):
+            raise TypeError("OUTPUT_METADATA must be None or a dict[str, str]")
+        header["__metadata__"] = OUTPUT_METADATA
+
+    output_offset = 0
+    for entry in entries:
+        header[entry.name] = {
+            "dtype": entry.dtype,
+            "shape": entry.shape,
+            "data_offsets": [output_offset, output_offset + entry.size],
+        }
+        output_offset += entry.size
+
+    header_bytes = json.dumps(header, separators=(",", ":"), ensure_ascii=False).encode(
+        "utf-8"
+    )
+    header_bytes += b" " * (-len(header_bytes) % 8)
+    return header_bytes, output_offset
+
+
+def copy_tensor(source: BinaryIO, output: BinaryIO, entry: TensorEntry) -> None:
+    source.seek(entry.source_data_offset + entry.source_start)
+    remaining = entry.size
+    while remaining:
+        chunk = source.read(min(COPY_BUFFER_SIZE, remaining))
+        if not chunk:
+            raise OSError(
+                f"unexpected end of file while copying {entry.name!r} "
+                f"from {entry.source_path}"
+            )
+        output.write(chunk)
+        remaining -= len(chunk)
+
+
+def write_output(entries: list[TensorEntry]) -> None:
+    if COPY_BUFFER_SIZE <= 0:
+        raise ValueError("COPY_BUFFER_SIZE must be positive")
+
+    output_path = OUTPUT_PATH.resolve()
+    source_paths = {entry.source_path.resolve() for entry in entries}
+    if output_path in source_paths:
+        raise ValueError("OUTPUT_PATH must not be one of the source files")
+    if output_path.exists() and not OVERWRITE_OUTPUT:
+        raise FileExistsError(
+            f"output already exists: {output_path}; set OVERWRITE_OUTPUT = True to replace it"
+        )
+
+    output_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    partial_path = output_path.with_name(output_path.name + ".partial")
+    if partial_path.exists():
+        raise FileExistsError(
+            f"partial output already exists: {partial_path}; remove it before retrying"
+        )
+
+    header_bytes, tensor_bytes = build_output_header(entries)
+    print(
+        f"Writing {len(entries)} tensors ({format_bytes(tensor_bytes)}) to {output_path}"
+    )
+
+    current_source_path: Path | None = None
+    current_source: BinaryIO | None = None
+    copied = 0
+    next_progress = PROGRESS_INTERVAL
+    try:
+        with partial_path.open("xb") as output:
+            output.write(struct.pack("<Q", len(header_bytes)))
+            output.write(header_bytes)
+
+            try:
+                for entry in entries:
+                    if entry.source_path != current_source_path:
+                        if current_source is not None:
+                            current_source.close()
+                        current_source = entry.source_path.open("rb")
+                        current_source_path = entry.source_path
+
+                    copy_tensor(current_source, output, entry)
+                    copied += entry.size
+                    if PROGRESS_INTERVAL > 0 and copied >= next_progress:
+                        print(
+                            f"  copied {format_bytes(copied)} / "
+                            f"{format_bytes(tensor_bytes)}"
+                        )
+                        while next_progress <= copied:
+                            next_progress += PROGRESS_INTERVAL
+            finally:
+                if current_source is not None:
+                    current_source.close()
+
+        if copied != tensor_bytes:
+            raise OSError(f"copied {copied} tensor bytes, expected {tensor_bytes}")
+        os.replace(partial_path, output_path)
+    except BaseException:
+        partial_path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+        raise
+
+    print(f"Done: {output_path} ({format_bytes(output_path.stat().st_size)})")
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    entries = collect_entries()
+    write_output(entries)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

src/conditioning/conditioner.hpp

@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@
 #define __SD_CONDITIONING_CONDITIONER_HPP__
 
 #include <cmath>
+#include <iomanip>
 #include <limits>
 #include <optional>
+#include <sstream>
 
 #include "core/tensor_ggml.hpp"
 #include "core/util.h"
@@ -25,6 +27,8 @@ struct SDCondition {
     sd::Tensor<int32_t> c_vinput_mask;
     std::vector<std::pair<int, sd::Tensor<float>>> c_image_embeds;
     std::vector<sd::Tensor<float>> c_ref_images;
+    std::vector<sd::Tensor<float>> c_ref_audios;
+    std::vector<MiniMaxH3ReferenceBlock> c_reference_blocks;
 
     std::vector<sd::Tensor<float>> extra_c_crossattns;
 
@@ -55,6 +59,12 @@ struct SDCondition {
             }
         }
 
+        for (const auto& tensor : c_ref_audios) {
+            if (!tensor.empty()) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
         for (const auto& tensor : extra_c_crossattns) {
             if (!tensor.empty()) {
                 return false;
@@ -65,6 +75,18 @@ struct SDCondition {
     }
 };
 
+enum class MiniMaxH3PresentationKind {
+    IMAGE,
+    VIDEO,
+    AUDIO,
+};
+
+struct MiniMaxH3PresentationItem {
+    MiniMaxH3PresentationKind kind = MiniMaxH3PresentationKind::IMAGE;
+    std::vector<sd::Tensor<float>> frames;
+    std::vector<float> timestamps;
+};
+
 static inline sd::Tensor<float> apply_token_weights(sd::Tensor<float> hidden_states,
                                                     const std::vector<float>& weights) {
     if (hidden_states.empty()) {
@@ -102,11 +124,12 @@ static inline sd::Tensor<float> apply_token_weights(sd::Tensor<float> hidden_sta
 
 struct ConditionerParams {
     std::string text;
-    int clip_skip                                    = -1;
+    int clip_skip                                                       = -1;
-    int width                                        = -1;
+    int width                                                           = -1;
-    int height                                       = -1;
+    int height                                                          = -1;
-    bool zero_out_masked                             = false;
+    bool zero_out_masked                                                = false;
-    const std::vector<sd::Tensor<float>>* ref_images = nullptr;  // for qwen image edit
+    const std::vector<sd::Tensor<float>>* ref_images                    = nullptr;  // for qwen image edit
+    const std::vector<MiniMaxH3PresentationItem>* minimax_h3_references = nullptr;
     RefImageParams ref_image_params;
 };
 
@@ -117,6 +140,7 @@ public:
     virtual SDCondition get_learned_condition(int n_threads,
                                               const ConditionerParams& conditioner_params) = 0;
     virtual void get_param_tensors(std::map<std::string, ggml_tensor*>& tensors)           = 0;
+    virtual void get_param_tensor_ops(std::map<ggml_tensor*, enum ggml_op>& tensor_ops) {}
     virtual void set_max_graph_vram_bytes(size_t max_vram_bytes) {}
     virtual void set_stream_layers_enabled(bool enabled) {}
     virtual void set_runtime_backends(const std::vector<ggml_backend_t>& backends) {}
@@ -1664,6 +1688,10 @@ struct AnimaConditioner : public Conditioner {
         llm->get_param_tensors(tensors, "text_encoders.llm");
     }
 
+    void get_param_tensor_ops(std::map<ggml_tensor*, enum ggml_op>& tensor_ops) override {
+        llm->get_param_tensor_ops(tensor_ops);
+    }
+
     void set_max_graph_vram_bytes(size_t max_vram_bytes) override {
         llm->set_max_graph_vram_bytes(max_vram_bytes);
     }
@@ -1805,6 +1833,7 @@ struct LLMEmbedder : public Conditioner {
                    sd_version_is_boogu_image(version) ||
                    sd_version_is_sefi_image(version) ||
                    sd_version_is_krea2(version) ||
+                   sd_version_is_minimax_h3(version) ||
                    sd_version_is_mage_flow(version)) {
             arch = LLM::LLMArch::QWEN3_VL;
         } else if (sd_version_is_z_image(version) || version == VERSION_OVIS_IMAGE || version == VERSION_FLUX2_KLEIN) {
@@ -1847,6 +1876,10 @@ struct LLMEmbedder : public Conditioner {
         }
     }
 
+    void get_param_tensor_ops(std::map<ggml_tensor*, enum ggml_op>& tensor_ops) override {
+        llm->get_param_tensor_ops(tensor_ops);
+    }
+
     void set_max_graph_vram_bytes(size_t max_vram_bytes) override {
         llm->set_max_graph_vram_bytes(max_vram_bytes);
         if (byt5) {
@@ -1983,8 +2016,10 @@ struct LLMEmbedder : public Conditioner {
                                     const std::vector<std::pair<int, sd::Tensor<float>>>& image_embeds,
                                     const std::set<int>& out_layers,
                                     int prompt_template_encode_start_idx,
-                                    bool spell_quotes = false,
+                                    bool spell_quotes                                       = false,
-                                    int max_length    = 100000000) {
+                                    int max_length                                          = 100000000,
+                                    const LLM::DeepStackImageEmbeds& deepstack_image_embeds = {},
+                                    const std::vector<LLM::ImageGrid>& image_grids          = {}) {
         auto tokens_weights_mask = tokenize(prompt, prompt_attn_range, min_length, max_length, spell_quotes);
         auto& tokens             = std::get<0>(tokens_weights_mask);
         auto& weights            = std::get<1>(tokens_weights_mask);
@@ -2017,7 +2052,9 @@ struct LLMEmbedder : public Conditioner {
                                           false,
                                           false,
                                           true,
-                                          true);
+                                          true,
+                                          deepstack_image_embeds,
+                                          image_grids);
         GGML_ASSERT(!hidden_states.empty());
         hidden_states = apply_token_weights(std::move(hidden_states), weights);
         GGML_ASSERT(hidden_states.shape()[1] > prompt_template_encode_start_idx);
@@ -2099,6 +2136,8 @@ struct LLMEmbedder : public Conditioner {
         std::vector<std::string> extra_prompts;
         std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> extra_prompts_attn_range;
         std::vector<std::pair<int, sd::Tensor<float>>> image_embeds;
+        LLM::DeepStackImageEmbeds deepstack_image_embeds;
+        std::vector<LLM::ImageGrid> image_grids;
         int prompt_template_encode_start_idx = 34;
         int min_length                       = 0;  // pad tokens
         int max_length                       = 100000000;
@@ -2109,7 +2148,131 @@ struct LLMEmbedder : public Conditioner {
         int64_t t0                     = ggml_time_ms();
         RefImageResizeMode resize_mode = conditioner_params.ref_image_params.vlm_resize_mode;
 
-        if (sd_version_is_hunyuan_video(version)) {
+        if (sd_version_is_minimax_h3(version)) {
+            prompt_template_encode_start_idx = 0;
+            out_layers                       = {50};
+            prompt_attn_range                = {0, 0};
+
+            if (llm->enable_vision) {
+                const std::string placeholder = "<|image_pad|>";
+                const int patch_size          = llm->config.vision.patch_size;
+                const int factor              = patch_size * llm->config.vision.spatial_merge_size;
+
+                auto resize_for_vision = [&](const sd::Tensor<float>& image) {
+                    int height = static_cast<int>(image.shape()[1]);
+                    int width  = static_cast<int>(image.shape()[0]);
+                    int h_bar  = std::max(factor, static_cast<int>(std::round(static_cast<double>(height) / factor)) * factor);
+                    int w_bar  = std::max(factor, static_cast<int>(std::round(static_cast<double>(width) / factor)) * factor);
+                    resize_image_dims(height,
+                                      width,
+                                      h_bar,
+                                      w_bar,
+                                      factor,
+                                      3136,
+                                      12845056,
+                                      RefImageResizeMode::AREA);
+                    auto resized = sd::ops::interpolate(
+                        image,
+                        std::vector<int64_t>{w_bar, h_bar, image.shape()[2], image.shape()[3]});
+                    for (int64_t i = 0; i < resized.numel(); ++i) {
+                        resized[i] = std::clamp(resized[i], 0.f, 1.f) * 2.f - 1.f;
+                    }
+                    return resized;
+                };
+
+                auto add_vision_outputs = [&](std::vector<sd::Tensor<float>> image_outputs,
+                                              int grid_h,
+                                              int grid_w) {
+                    GGML_ASSERT(image_outputs.size() == 4);
+                    auto image_embed = std::move(image_outputs[0]);
+                    prompt += "<|vision_start|>";
+                    int image_embed_idx = static_cast<int>(tokenizer->encode(prompt, nullptr).size());
+                    image_embeds.emplace_back(image_embed_idx, image_embed);
+                    if (deepstack_image_embeds.empty()) {
+                        deepstack_image_embeds.resize(image_outputs.size() - 1);
+                    }
+                    for (size_t layer = 0; layer < deepstack_image_embeds.size(); ++layer) {
+                        deepstack_image_embeds[layer].emplace_back(image_embed_idx, std::move(image_outputs[layer + 1]));
+                    }
+                    image_grids.push_back({image_embed_idx,
+                                           static_cast<int>(image_embed.shape()[1]),
+                                           grid_h,
+                                           grid_w});
+                    for (int64_t i = 0; i < image_embed.shape()[1]; ++i) {
+                        prompt += placeholder;
+                    }
+                    prompt += "<|vision_end|>";
+                };
+
+                const auto* references = conditioner_params.minimax_h3_references;
+                if (references != nullptr && !references->empty()) {
+                    int picture_index = 0;
+                    int video_index   = 0;
+                    int audio_index   = 0;
+                    for (const auto& item : *references) {
+                        if (item.kind == MiniMaxH3PresentationKind::AUDIO) {
+                            prompt += "<Audio " + std::to_string(++audio_index) + ">: ";
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        if (item.kind == MiniMaxH3PresentationKind::IMAGE) {
+                            GGML_ASSERT(item.frames.size() == 1);
+                            auto resized = resize_for_vision(item.frames[0]);
+                            prompt += "<Picture " + std::to_string(++picture_index) + ">: ";
+                            add_vision_outputs(llm->encode_image_outputs(n_threads,
+                                                                         resized,
+                                                                         false,
+                                                                         true,
+                                                                         true),
+                                               static_cast<int>(resized.shape()[1]) / patch_size,
+                                               static_cast<int>(resized.shape()[0]) / patch_size);
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        GGML_ASSERT(!item.frames.empty());
+                        prompt += "<Video " + std::to_string(++video_index) + ">: ";
+                        for (size_t frame = 0; frame < item.frames.size(); frame += 2) {
+                            size_t next = std::min(frame + 1, item.frames.size() - 1);
+                            float t0    = frame < item.timestamps.size() ? item.timestamps[frame] : frame / 2.f;
+                            float t1    = next < item.timestamps.size() ? item.timestamps[next] : next / 2.f;
+                            std::ostringstream timestamp;
+                            timestamp << '<' << std::fixed << std::setprecision(1) << (t0 + t1) * 0.5f << " seconds>";
+                            prompt += timestamp.str();
+
+                            auto first  = resize_for_vision(item.frames[frame]);
+                            auto second = resize_for_vision(item.frames[next]);
+                            if (first.shape()[0] != second.shape()[0] || first.shape()[1] != second.shape()[1]) {
+                                second = sd::ops::interpolate(second,
+                                                              std::vector<int64_t>{first.shape()[0],
+                                                                                   first.shape()[1],
+                                                                                   second.shape()[2],
+                                                                                   second.shape()[3]});
+                            }
+                            auto pair = sd::ops::concat(first.unsqueeze(2), second.unsqueeze(2), 2);
+                            add_vision_outputs(llm->encode_video_block_outputs(n_threads,
+                                                                               pair,
+                                                                               false,
+                                                                               true,
+                                                                               true),
+                                               static_cast<int>(first.shape()[1]) / patch_size,
+                                               static_cast<int>(first.shape()[0]) / patch_size);
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else if (conditioner_params.ref_images != nullptr) {
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i < conditioner_params.ref_images->size(); ++i) {
+                        auto resized = resize_for_vision((*conditioner_params.ref_images)[i]);
+                        prompt += "<Picture " + std::to_string(i + 1) + ">: ";
+                        add_vision_outputs(llm->encode_image_outputs(n_threads,
+                                                                     resized,
+                                                                     false,
+                                                                     true,
+                                                                     true),
+                                           static_cast<int>(resized.shape()[1]) / patch_size,
+                                           static_cast<int>(resized.shape()[0]) / patch_size);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            prompt += conditioner_params.text;
+        } else if (sd_version_is_hunyuan_video(version)) {
             prompt_template_encode_start_idx = 98;
             out_layers                       = {26};
 
@@ -2657,7 +2820,9 @@ struct LLMEmbedder : public Conditioner {
                                            out_layers,
                                            prompt_template_encode_start_idx,
                                            spell_quotes,
-                                           max_length);
+                                           max_length,
+                                           deepstack_image_embeds,
+                                           image_grids);
         std::vector<sd::Tensor<float>> extra_hidden_states_vec;
         if (sd_version_is_hunyuan_video(version) && byt5) {
             std::vector<std::string> quoted_texts;
@@ -2718,6 +2883,17 @@ struct LLMEmbedder : public Conditioner {
         SDCondition result;
         result.c_crossattn        = std::move(hidden_states);
         result.extra_c_crossattns = std::move(extra_hidden_states_vec);
+        if (sd_version_is_minimax_h3(version)) {
+            std::vector<int32_t> tags(static_cast<size_t>(result.c_crossattn.shape()[1]), 1);
+            for (const auto& [index, image_embed] : image_embeds) {
+                int64_t begin = std::max<int64_t>(0, index - 1);
+                int64_t end   = std::min<int64_t>(static_cast<int64_t>(tags.size()),
+                                                index + image_embed.shape()[1] + 1);
+                std::fill(tags.begin() + begin, tags.begin() + end, 0);
+            }
+            int64_t tag_count    = static_cast<int64_t>(tags.size());
+            result.c_token_types = sd::Tensor<int32_t>({tag_count}, std::move(tags));
+        }
         return result;
     }
 };
@@ -2828,6 +3004,10 @@ struct LTXAVEmbedder : public Conditioner {
         projector->get_param_tensors(tensors, "text_embedding_projection");
     }
 
+    void get_param_tensor_ops(std::map<ggml_tensor*, enum ggml_op>& tensor_ops) override {
+        llm->get_param_tensor_ops(tensor_ops);
+    }
+
     void set_flash_attention_enabled(bool enabled) override {
         llm->set_flash_attention_enabled(enabled);
         projector->set_flash_attention_enabled(enabled);

src/core/ggml_extend.hpp

@@ -1753,7 +1753,7 @@ protected:
     std::vector<size_t> graph_cut_layer_split_backend_vram_limits_;
 
     std::vector<ggml_backend_t> extra_runtime_backends;  // borrowed (SDBackendManager-owned)
-    ggml_backend_sched_t sched             = nullptr;    // owned, multi-device only
+    ggml_backend_sched_t sched             = nullptr;    // owned
     ggml_backend_t cpu_fallback_backend    = nullptr;    // owned, sched requires a trailing CPU backend
     bool multi_device_eval_callback_warned = false;
 
@@ -2147,8 +2147,22 @@ protected:
         return !extra_runtime_backends.empty();
     }
 
+    bool graph_requires_backend_fallback(ggml_cgraph* gf) const {
+        if (gf == nullptr || sd_backend_is_cpu(runtime_backend)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        const int n_nodes = ggml_graph_n_nodes(gf);
+        for (int i = 0; i < n_nodes; ++i) {
+            ggml_tensor* node = ggml_graph_node(gf, i);
+            if (node != nullptr && !ggml_backend_supports_op(runtime_backend, node)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
     bool alloc_compute_buffer(ggml_cgraph* gf) {
-        if (is_multi_device()) {
+        if (sched != nullptr || is_multi_device() || graph_requires_backend_fallback(gf)) {
             // The sched replaces the gallocr. Do NOT ggml_backend_sched_reserve
             // the graph here: reserve runs split_graph, which rewires the
             // graph's src pointers to sched-internal copy tensors, and the
@@ -2156,6 +2170,10 @@ protected:
             // rewired graph, silently corrupting every cross-backend input. A
             // graph must be split at most once; the alloc in execute_graph
             // performs the real allocation.
+            if (compute_allocr != nullptr) {
+                ggml_gallocr_free(compute_allocr);
+                compute_allocr = nullptr;
+            }
             return ensure_sched(gf);
         }
         if (compute_allocr != nullptr) {
@@ -2753,7 +2771,7 @@ protected:
         };
         ComputeBufferGuard compute_buffer_guard(this, free_compute_buffer);
 
-        if (is_multi_device()) {
+        if (sched != nullptr) {
             ggml_backend_sched_reset(sched);
             pin_multi_device_nodes(gf);  // reset clears the pins; re-apply before alloc
             if (!ggml_backend_sched_alloc_graph(sched, gf)) {
@@ -2774,9 +2792,9 @@ protected:
         }
 
         ggml_status status;
-        if (is_multi_device()) {
+        if (sched != nullptr) {
             if (sd_get_backend_eval_callback() != nullptr && !multi_device_eval_callback_warned) {
-                LOG_WARN("%s: eval callback is not supported with multiple runtime backends; ignoring",
+                LOG_WARN("%s: eval callback is not supported with the backend scheduler; ignoring",
                          get_desc().c_str());
                 multi_device_eval_callback_warned = true;
             }
@@ -3018,12 +3036,9 @@ public:
 
     // do copy after alloc graph
     void set_backend_tensor_data(ggml_tensor* tensor, const void* data) {
-        if (is_multi_device()) {
+        // The scheduler only allocates standalone data tensors when they are
-            // The sched only assigns a backend (and thus a buffer) to tensors
+        // marked as graph inputs. The flag is harmless for single-backend graphs.
-            // that participate in the graph; flag standalone data tensors as
+        ggml_set_input(tensor);
-            // inputs so they get one.
-            ggml_set_input(tensor);
-        }
         backend_tensor_data_map[tensor] = data;
     }
 
@@ -3240,6 +3255,11 @@ protected:
 
     virtual void init_params(ggml_context* ctx, const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map = {}, const std::string prefix = "") {}
 
+    virtual enum ggml_op param_usage_op(const std::string& name) const {
+        (void)name;
+        return GGML_OP_NONE;
+    }
+
 public:
     void init(ggml_context* ctx, const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map = {}, std::string prefix = "") {
         if (prefix.size() > 0) {
@@ -3290,6 +3310,18 @@ public:
         }
     }
 
+    void get_param_tensor_ops(std::map<ggml_tensor*, enum ggml_op>& tensor_ops) {
+        for (auto& pair : blocks) {
+            pair.second->get_param_tensor_ops(tensor_ops);
+        }
+        for (auto& pair : params) {
+            enum ggml_op op = param_usage_op(pair.first);
+            if (op != GGML_OP_NONE) {
+                tensor_ops[pair.second] = op;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     virtual std::string get_desc() {
         return "GGMLBlock";
     }
@@ -3417,6 +3449,10 @@ protected:
         params["weight"] = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, wtype, embedding_dim, num_embeddings);
     }
 
+    enum ggml_op param_usage_op(const std::string& name) const override {
+        return name == "weight" ? GGML_OP_GET_ROWS : GGML_OP_NONE;
+    }
+
 public:
     Embedding(int64_t num_embeddings, int64_t embedding_dim)
         : embedding_dim(embedding_dim),

src/extensions/photomaker_extension.cpp

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ tokenize_photomaker_trigger(FrozenCLIPEmbedderWithCustomWords& clip_conditioner,
                                           true);
     std::vector<bool> class_token_mask;
     for (int i = 0; i < tokens.size(); i++) {
-        class_token_mask.push_back(class_idx + 1 <= i && i < class_idx + 1 + trigger_token_count);
+        class_token_mask.push_back(class_idx >= 0 && class_idx + 1 <= i && i < class_idx + 1 + trigger_token_count);
     }
 
     return std::make_tuple(tokens, weights, class_token_mask);

src/model.h

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ enum SDVersion {
     VERSION_FLUX2,
     VERSION_FLUX2_KLEIN,
     VERSION_LTXAV,
+    VERSION_MINIMAX_H3,
     VERSION_HIDREAM_O1,
     VERSION_Z_IMAGE,
     VERSION_BOOGU_IMAGE,
@@ -123,6 +124,10 @@ static inline bool sd_version_is_ltxav(SDVersion version) {
     return false;
 }
 
+static inline bool sd_version_is_minimax_h3(SDVersion version) {
+    return version == VERSION_MINIMAX_H3;
+}
+
 static inline bool sd_version_is_wan(SDVersion version) {
     if (version == VERSION_WAN2 || version == VERSION_WAN2_2_I2V || version == VERSION_WAN2_2_TI2V) {
         return true;
@@ -272,6 +277,7 @@ static inline bool sd_version_is_dit(SDVersion version) {
     if (sd_version_is_flux(version) ||
         sd_version_is_flux2(version) ||
         sd_version_is_ltxav(version) ||
+        sd_version_is_minimax_h3(version) ||
         sd_version_is_sd3(version) ||
         sd_version_is_wan(version) ||
         sd_version_is_lingbot_video(version) ||

src/model/adapter/ip_adapter.hpp

@@ -31,8 +31,92 @@ namespace IPAdapter {
         }
     };
 
+    struct Resampler : public GGMLBlock {
+        int64_t dim         = 1280;
+        int64_t depth       = 4;
+        int64_t num_queries = 16;
+        int64_t embed_dim   = 1280;
+        int64_t output_dim  = 2048;
+        int64_t ff_inner    = 5120;
+        int64_t dim_head    = 64;
+        int64_t heads       = 20;
+
+        void init_params(ggml_context* ctx, const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map = {}, const std::string prefix = "") override {
+            params["latents"] = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, dim, num_queries, 1);
+        }
+
+        Resampler() {}
+        Resampler(int64_t dim, int64_t depth, int64_t num_queries, int64_t embed_dim, int64_t output_dim, int64_t ff_inner)
+            : dim(dim), depth(depth), num_queries(num_queries), embed_dim(embed_dim), output_dim(output_dim), ff_inner(ff_inner) {
+            heads              = dim / dim_head;
+            blocks["proj_in"]  = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(embed_dim, dim, true));
+            blocks["proj_out"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(dim, output_dim, true));
+            blocks["norm_out"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new LayerNorm(output_dim));
+            for (int64_t i = 0; i < depth; i++) {
+                std::string p           = "layers." + std::to_string(i);
+                blocks[p + ".0.norm1"]  = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new LayerNorm(dim));
+                blocks[p + ".0.norm2"]  = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new LayerNorm(dim));
+                blocks[p + ".0.to_q"]   = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(dim, dim, false));
+                blocks[p + ".0.to_kv"]  = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(dim, dim * 2, false));
+                blocks[p + ".0.to_out"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(dim, dim, false));
+                blocks[p + ".1.0"]      = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new LayerNorm(dim));
+                blocks[p + ".1.1"]      = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(dim, ff_inner, false));
+                blocks[p + ".1.3"]      = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(ff_inner, dim, false));
+            }
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, ggml_tensor* image_embeds) {
+            int64_t N     = image_embeds->ne[2];
+            auto proj_in  = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["proj_in"]);
+            auto proj_out = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["proj_out"]);
+            auto norm_out = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LayerNorm>(blocks["norm_out"]);
+
+            ggml_tensor* x       = proj_in->forward(ctx, image_embeds);
+            ggml_tensor* latents = params["latents"];
+            if (N > 1) {
+                latents = ggml_repeat(ctx->ggml_ctx, latents, ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, dim, num_queries, N));
+            }
+
+            for (int64_t i = 0; i < depth; i++) {
+                std::string p = "layers." + std::to_string(i);
+                auto norm1    = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LayerNorm>(blocks[p + ".0.norm1"]);
+                auto norm2    = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LayerNorm>(blocks[p + ".0.norm2"]);
+                auto to_q     = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks[p + ".0.to_q"]);
+                auto to_kv    = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks[p + ".0.to_kv"]);
+                auto to_out   = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks[p + ".0.to_out"]);
+
+                ggml_tensor* xn    = norm1->forward(ctx, x);
+                ggml_tensor* ln    = norm2->forward(ctx, latents);
+                ggml_tensor* q     = to_q->forward(ctx, ln);
+                ggml_tensor* kv_in = ggml_concat(ctx->ggml_ctx, xn, ln, 1);
+                ggml_tensor* kv    = to_kv->forward(ctx, kv_in);
+                int64_t L          = kv->ne[1];
+                ggml_tensor* k     = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_view_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx, kv, dim, L, N, kv->nb[1], kv->nb[2], 0));
+                ggml_tensor* v     = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_view_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx, kv, dim, L, N, kv->nb[1], kv->nb[2], dim * kv->nb[0]));
+                ggml_tensor* attn  = ggml_ext_attention_ext(ctx->ggml_ctx, ctx->backend, q, k, v, heads, nullptr, false, false);
+                attn               = to_out->forward(ctx, attn);
+                latents            = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, latents, attn);
+
+                auto ff_norm   = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LayerNorm>(blocks[p + ".1.0"]);
+                auto ff_fc1    = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks[p + ".1.1"]);
+                auto ff_fc2    = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks[p + ".1.3"]);
+                ggml_tensor* h = ff_norm->forward(ctx, latents);
+                h              = ff_fc1->forward(ctx, h);
+                h              = ggml_gelu_erf(ctx->ggml_ctx, h);
+                h              = ff_fc2->forward(ctx, h);
+                latents        = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, latents, h);
+            }
+
+            latents = proj_out->forward(ctx, latents);
+            latents = norm_out->forward(ctx, latents);
+            return latents;
+        }
+    };
+
     struct IPAdapterRunner : public GGMLRunner {
         ImageProjModel image_proj;
+        Resampler resampler;
+        bool is_plus       = false;
         int64_t num_tokens = 4;
         std::string prefix;
 
@@ -41,21 +125,54 @@ namespace IPAdapter {
                         const std::string prefix,
                         std::shared_ptr<RunnerWeightManager> weight_manager = nullptr)
             : GGMLRunner(backend, weight_manager), prefix(prefix) {
-            int64_t ctx_dim  = 768;
+            is_plus = tensor_storage_map.find(prefix + ".image_proj.latents") != tensor_storage_map.end();
-            int64_t clip_dim = 1024;
+            if (is_plus) {
-            int64_t out_dim  = 3072;
+                int64_t dim         = 1280;
-            auto norm_iter   = tensor_storage_map.find(prefix + ".image_proj.norm.weight");
+                int64_t num_queries = 16;
-            if (norm_iter != tensor_storage_map.end()) {
+                int64_t embed_dim   = 1280;
-                ctx_dim = norm_iter->second.ne[0];
+                int64_t output_dim  = 2048;
+                int64_t ff_inner    = 5120;
+                auto latents_iter   = tensor_storage_map.find(prefix + ".image_proj.latents");
+                if (latents_iter != tensor_storage_map.end()) {
+                    dim         = latents_iter->second.ne[0];
+                    num_queries = latents_iter->second.ne[1];
+                }
+                auto proj_in_iter = tensor_storage_map.find(prefix + ".image_proj.proj_in.weight");
+                if (proj_in_iter != tensor_storage_map.end()) {
+                    embed_dim = proj_in_iter->second.ne[0];
+                }
+                auto proj_out_iter = tensor_storage_map.find(prefix + ".image_proj.proj_out.weight");
+                if (proj_out_iter != tensor_storage_map.end()) {
+                    output_dim = proj_out_iter->second.ne[1];
+                }
+                auto ff_iter = tensor_storage_map.find(prefix + ".image_proj.layers.0.1.1.weight");
+                if (ff_iter != tensor_storage_map.end()) {
+                    ff_inner = ff_iter->second.ne[1];
+                }
+                int64_t depth = 0;
+                while (tensor_storage_map.find(prefix + ".image_proj.layers." + std::to_string(depth) + ".0.to_q.weight") != tensor_storage_map.end()) {
+                    depth++;
+                }
+                num_tokens = num_queries;
+                resampler  = Resampler(dim, depth, num_queries, embed_dim, output_dim, ff_inner);
+                resampler.init(params_ctx, tensor_storage_map, prefix + ".image_proj");
+            } else {
+                int64_t ctx_dim  = 768;
+                int64_t clip_dim = 1024;
+                int64_t out_dim  = 3072;
+                auto norm_iter   = tensor_storage_map.find(prefix + ".image_proj.norm.weight");
+                if (norm_iter != tensor_storage_map.end()) {
+                    ctx_dim = norm_iter->second.ne[0];
+                }
+                auto proj_iter = tensor_storage_map.find(prefix + ".image_proj.proj.weight");
+                if (proj_iter != tensor_storage_map.end()) {
+                    clip_dim = proj_iter->second.ne[0];
+                    out_dim  = proj_iter->second.ne[1];
+                }
+                num_tokens = out_dim / ctx_dim;
+                image_proj = ImageProjModel(num_tokens, ctx_dim, clip_dim);
+                image_proj.init(params_ctx, tensor_storage_map, prefix + ".image_proj");
             }
-            auto proj_iter = tensor_storage_map.find(prefix + ".image_proj.proj.weight");
-            if (proj_iter != tensor_storage_map.end()) {
-                clip_dim = proj_iter->second.ne[0];
-                out_dim  = proj_iter->second.ne[1];
-            }
-            num_tokens = out_dim / ctx_dim;
-            image_proj = ImageProjModel(num_tokens, ctx_dim, clip_dim);
-            image_proj.init(params_ctx, tensor_storage_map, prefix + ".image_proj");
         }
 
         std::string get_desc() override {
@@ -63,14 +180,18 @@ namespace IPAdapter {
         }
 
         void get_param_tensors(std::map<std::string, ggml_tensor*>& tensors, const std::string = "") {
-            image_proj.get_param_tensors(tensors, prefix + ".image_proj");
+            if (is_plus) {
+                resampler.get_param_tensors(tensors, prefix + ".image_proj");
+            } else {
+                image_proj.get_param_tensors(tensors, prefix + ".image_proj");
+            }
         }
 
         ggml_cgraph* build_graph(const sd::Tensor<float>& image_embeds_tensor) {
             ggml_cgraph* gf     = new_graph_custom(1024);
             ggml_tensor* embeds = make_input(image_embeds_tensor);
             auto runner_ctx     = get_context();
-            ggml_tensor* out    = image_proj.forward(&runner_ctx, embeds);
+            ggml_tensor* out    = is_plus ? resampler.forward(&runner_ctx, embeds) : image_proj.forward(&runner_ctx, embeds);
             ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, out);
             return gf;
         }

src/model/adapter/lora.hpp

@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ struct LoraModel : public GGMLRunner {
     std::unordered_map<std::string, ggml_tensor*> lora_tensors;
     std::map<ggml_tensor*, ggml_tensor*> original_tensor_to_final_tensor;
     std::set<std::string> applied_lora_tensors;
+    std::set<std::string> skipped_incompatible_lora_tensors;
+    std::set<std::string> warned_incompatible_model_tensors;
     std::string file_path;
     std::shared_ptr<ModelManager> model_manager;
     ggml_backend_t params_backend = nullptr;
@@ -133,6 +135,8 @@ struct LoraModel : public GGMLRunner {
         lora_tensors.clear();
         original_tensor_to_final_tensor.clear();
         applied_lora_tensors.clear();
+        skipped_incompatible_lora_tensors.clear();
+        warned_incompatible_model_tensors.clear();
         applied             = false;
         tensor_preprocessed = false;
     }
@@ -338,7 +342,9 @@ struct LoraModel : public GGMLRunner {
             iter = lora_tensors.find(hada_1_mid_name);
             if (iter != lora_tensors.end()) {
                 hada_1_mid = ggml_ext_cast_f32(ctx, backend, iter->second);
-                hada_1_up  = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_transpose(ctx, hada_1_up));
+                if (hada_1_up != nullptr) {
+                    hada_1_up = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_transpose(ctx, hada_1_up));
+                }
             }
 
             iter = lora_tensors.find(hada_2_down_name);
@@ -354,7 +360,9 @@ struct LoraModel : public GGMLRunner {
             iter = lora_tensors.find(hada_2_mid_name);
             if (iter != lora_tensors.end()) {
                 hada_2_mid = ggml_ext_cast_f32(ctx, backend, iter->second);
-                hada_2_up  = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_transpose(ctx, hada_2_up));
+                if (hada_2_up != nullptr) {
+                    hada_2_up = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_transpose(ctx, hada_2_up));
+                }
             }
 
             if (hada_1_up == nullptr || hada_1_down == nullptr || hada_2_up == nullptr || hada_2_down == nullptr) {
@@ -546,7 +554,27 @@ struct LoraModel : public GGMLRunner {
                 }
             }
 
-            GGML_ASSERT(ggml_nelements(diff) == ggml_nelements(model_tensor));
+            if (ggml_nelements(diff) != ggml_nelements(model_tensor)) {
+                const std::string lora_tensor_prefix = "lora." + model_tensor_name + ".";
+                for (const auto& tensor_name : applied_lora_tensors) {
+                    if (starts_with(tensor_name, lora_tensor_prefix)) {
+                        skipped_incompatible_lora_tensors.insert(tensor_name);
+                    }
+                }
+                if (warned_incompatible_model_tensors.insert(model_tensor_name).second) {
+                    LOG_WARN("skip incompatible LoRA tensor |%s|: model shape = [%lld, %lld, %lld, %lld], LoRA shape = [%lld, %lld, %lld, %lld]",
+                             model_tensor_name.c_str(),
+                             static_cast<long long>(model_tensor->ne[0]),
+                             static_cast<long long>(model_tensor->ne[1]),
+                             static_cast<long long>(model_tensor->ne[2]),
+                             static_cast<long long>(model_tensor->ne[3]),
+                             static_cast<long long>(diff->ne[0]),
+                             static_cast<long long>(diff->ne[1]),
+                             static_cast<long long>(diff->ne[2]),
+                             static_cast<long long>(diff->ne[3]));
+                }
+                return nullptr;
+            }
             diff = ggml_reshape(ctx, diff, model_tensor);
         }
         return diff;
@@ -555,10 +583,15 @@ struct LoraModel : public GGMLRunner {
     ggml_tensor* get_out_diff(ggml_context* ctx,
                               ggml_backend_t backend,
                               ggml_tensor* x,
+                              ggml_tensor* model_weight,
                               WeightAdapter::ForwardParams forward_params,
                               const std::string& model_tensor_name) {
         ggml_tensor* out_diff = nullptr;
         int index             = 0;
+
+        std::vector<std::string> used_tensors;
+        bool is_conv2d = forward_params.op_type == WeightAdapter::ForwardParams::op_type_t::OP_CONV2D;
+
         while (true) {
             std::string key;
             if (index == 0) {
@@ -566,7 +599,6 @@ struct LoraModel : public GGMLRunner {
             } else {
                 key = model_tensor_name + "." + std::to_string(index);
             }
-            bool is_conv2d = forward_params.op_type == WeightAdapter::ForwardParams::op_type_t::OP_CONV2D;
 
             std::string lokr_w1_name   = "lora." + key + ".lokr_w1";
             std::string lokr_w1_a_name = "lora." + key + ".lokr_w1_a";
@@ -634,7 +666,6 @@ struct LoraModel : public GGMLRunner {
                 if (iter != lora_tensors.end()) {
                     float alpha = ggml_ext_backend_tensor_get_f32(iter->second);
                     scale_value = alpha / rank;
-                    applied_lora_tensors.insert(alpha_name);
                 }
 
                 if (rank == 1) {
@@ -649,19 +680,27 @@ struct LoraModel : public GGMLRunner {
                     out_diff = ggml_concat(ctx, out_diff, curr_out_diff, 0);
                 }
 
-                if (lokr_w1)
+                if (lokr_w1) {
-                    applied_lora_tensors.insert(lokr_w1_name);
+                    used_tensors.push_back(lokr_w1_name);
-                if (lokr_w1_a)
+                }
-                    applied_lora_tensors.insert(lokr_w1_a_name);
+                if (lokr_w1_a) {
-                if (lokr_w1_b)
+                    used_tensors.push_back(lokr_w1_a_name);
-                    applied_lora_tensors.insert(lokr_w1_b_name);
+                }
-                if (lokr_w2)
+                if (lokr_w1_b) {
-                    applied_lora_tensors.insert(lokr_w2_name);
+                    used_tensors.push_back(lokr_w1_b_name);
-                if (lokr_w2_a)
+                }
-                    applied_lora_tensors.insert(lokr_w2_a_name);
+                if (lokr_w2) {
-                if (lokr_w2_b)
+                    used_tensors.push_back(lokr_w2_name);
-                    applied_lora_tensors.insert(lokr_w2_b_name);
+                }
-                applied_lora_tensors.insert(alpha_name);
+                if (lokr_w2_a) {
+                    used_tensors.push_back(lokr_w2_a_name);
+                }
+                if (lokr_w2_b) {
+                    used_tensors.push_back(lokr_w2_b_name);
+                }
+                if (iter != lora_tensors.end()) {
+                    used_tensors.push_back(alpha_name);
+                }
 
                 index++;
                 continue;
@@ -707,27 +746,60 @@ struct LoraModel : public GGMLRunner {
                 break;
             }
 
-            applied_lora_tensors.insert(lora_up_name);
+            if (!is_conv2d) {
-            applied_lora_tensors.insert(lora_down_name);
+                const int64_t down_in  = lora_down->ne[0];
+                const int64_t down_out = lora_down->ne[1];
+                const int64_t up_in    = lora_up->ne[0];
 
-            if (lora_mid) {
+                bool compatible = down_in == model_weight->ne[0];
-                applied_lora_tensors.insert(lora_mid_name);
+                if (lora_mid != nullptr) {
+                    compatible = compatible &&
+                                 lora_mid->ne[0] == down_out &&
+                                 up_in == lora_mid->ne[1];
+                } else {
+                    compatible = compatible && up_in == down_out;
+                }
+
+                if (!compatible) {
+                    skipped_incompatible_lora_tensors.insert(lora_down_name);
+                    skipped_incompatible_lora_tensors.insert(lora_up_name);
+                    if (lora_mid != nullptr) {
+                        skipped_incompatible_lora_tensors.insert(lora_mid_name);
+                    }
+                    if (lora_tensors.find(scale_name) != lora_tensors.end()) {
+                        skipped_incompatible_lora_tensors.insert(scale_name);
+                    } else if (lora_tensors.find(alpha_name) != lora_tensors.end()) {
+                        skipped_incompatible_lora_tensors.insert(alpha_name);
+                    }
+                    if (warned_incompatible_model_tensors.insert(model_tensor_name).second) {
+                        LOG_WARN("skip incompatible LoRA tensor |%s|: model input dim = %lld, down shape = [%lld, %lld], up shape = [%lld, %lld]",
+                                 model_tensor_name.c_str(),
+                                 static_cast<long long>(model_weight->ne[0]),
+                                 static_cast<long long>(down_in),
+                                 static_cast<long long>(down_out),
+                                 static_cast<long long>(up_in),
+                                 static_cast<long long>(lora_up->ne[1]));
+                    }
+                    index++;
+                    continue;
+                }
             }
 
             float scale_value = 1.0f;
+            std::string scale_tensor_name;
 
             int64_t rank = lora_down->ne[ggml_n_dims(lora_down) - 1];
             iter         = lora_tensors.find(scale_name);
             if (iter != lora_tensors.end()) {
-                scale_value = ggml_ext_backend_tensor_get_f32(iter->second);
+                scale_value       = ggml_ext_backend_tensor_get_f32(iter->second);
-                applied_lora_tensors.insert(scale_name);
+                scale_tensor_name = scale_name;
             } else {
                 iter = lora_tensors.find(alpha_name);
                 if (iter != lora_tensors.end()) {
-                    float alpha = ggml_ext_backend_tensor_get_f32(iter->second);
+                    float alpha       = ggml_ext_backend_tensor_get_f32(iter->second);
-                    scale_value = alpha / rank;
+                    scale_value       = alpha / rank;
+                    scale_tensor_name = alpha_name;
                     // LOG_DEBUG("rank %s %ld %.2f %.2f", alpha_name.c_str(), rank, alpha, scale_value);
-                    applied_lora_tensors.insert(alpha_name);
                 }
             }
             scale_value *= multiplier;
@@ -787,15 +859,45 @@ struct LoraModel : public GGMLRunner {
             }
 
             auto curr_out_diff = ggml_ext_scale(ctx, lx, scale_value, true);
-
             if (out_diff == nullptr) {
                 out_diff = curr_out_diff;
             } else {
-                out_diff = ggml_concat(ctx, out_diff, curr_out_diff, 0);
+                out_diff = ggml_concat(ctx, out_diff, curr_out_diff, is_conv2d ? 2 : 0);
+            }
+
+            used_tensors.push_back(lora_up_name);
+            used_tensors.push_back(lora_down_name);
+            if (lora_mid) {
+                used_tensors.push_back(lora_mid_name);
+            }
+            if (!scale_tensor_name.empty()) {
+                used_tensors.push_back(scale_tensor_name);
             }
 
             index++;
         }
+
+        if (out_diff == nullptr)
+            return nullptr;
+
+        int64_t expected_out_dim = is_conv2d ? model_weight->ne[3] : model_weight->ne[1];
+        int64_t actual_out_dim   = out_diff->ne[is_conv2d ? 2 : 0];
+
+        if (actual_out_dim != expected_out_dim) {
+            for (const auto& name : used_tensors) {
+                skipped_incompatible_lora_tensors.insert(name);
+            }
+            if (warned_incompatible_model_tensors.insert(model_tensor_name).second) {
+                LOG_WARN("skip incompatible LoRA tensors for |%s|: output dim %lld != model dim %lld",
+                         model_tensor_name.c_str(), actual_out_dim, expected_out_dim);
+            }
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        for (const auto& name : used_tensors) {
+            applied_lora_tensors.insert(name);
+        }
+
         return out_diff;
     }
 
@@ -869,10 +971,13 @@ struct LoraModel : public GGMLRunner {
     void stat(bool at_runntime = false) {
         size_t total_lora_tensors_count   = 0;
         size_t applied_lora_tensors_count = 0;
+        size_t skipped_lora_tensors_count = 0;
 
         for (auto& kv : lora_tensors) {
             total_lora_tensors_count++;
-            if (applied_lora_tensors.find(kv.first) == applied_lora_tensors.end()) {
+            if (skipped_incompatible_lora_tensors.find(kv.first) != skipped_incompatible_lora_tensors.end()) {
+                skipped_lora_tensors_count++;
+            } else if (applied_lora_tensors.find(kv.first) == applied_lora_tensors.end()) {
                 if (!at_runntime) {
                     LOG_WARN("unused lora tensor |%s|", kv.first.c_str());
                     print_ggml_tensor(kv.second, true);
@@ -884,12 +989,17 @@ struct LoraModel : public GGMLRunner {
         /* Don't worry if this message shows up twice in the logs per LoRA,
          * this function is called once to calculate the required buffer size
          * and then again to actually generate a graph to be used */
-        if (!at_runntime && applied_lora_tensors_count != total_lora_tensors_count) {
+        size_t compatible_lora_tensors_count = total_lora_tensors_count - skipped_lora_tensors_count;
+        if (!at_runntime && applied_lora_tensors_count != compatible_lora_tensors_count) {
             LOG_WARN("Only (%lu / %lu) LoRA tensors have been applied, lora_file_path = %s",
-                     applied_lora_tensors_count, total_lora_tensors_count, file_path.c_str());
+                     applied_lora_tensors_count, compatible_lora_tensors_count, file_path.c_str());
         } else {
             LOG_INFO("(%lu / %lu) LoRA tensors have been applied, lora_file_path = %s",
-                     applied_lora_tensors_count, total_lora_tensors_count, file_path.c_str());
+                     applied_lora_tensors_count, compatible_lora_tensors_count, file_path.c_str());
+        }
+        if (skipped_lora_tensors_count > 0) {
+            LOG_WARN("(%lu / %lu) incompatible LoRA tensors have been skipped, lora_file_path = %s",
+                     skipped_lora_tensors_count, total_lora_tensors_count, file_path.c_str());
         }
     }
 };
@@ -953,7 +1063,7 @@ public:
                                    forward_params.conv2d.scale);
         }
         for (auto& lora_model : lora_models) {
-            ggml_tensor* out_diff = lora_model->get_out_diff(ctx, backend, x, forward_params, prefix + "weight");
+            ggml_tensor* out_diff = lora_model->get_out_diff(ctx, backend, x, w, forward_params, prefix + "weight");
             if (out_diff == nullptr) {
                 continue;
             }

src/model/diffusion/krea2.hpp

@@ -180,9 +180,12 @@ namespace Krea2 {
 
         ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, ggml_tensor* x) override {
             ggml_tensor* scale = params["scale"];
-            scale              = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, scale, ggml_ext_ones(ctx->ggml_ctx, scale->ne[0], 1, 1, 1));
+            if (ctx->weight_adapter) {
-            x                  = ggml_rms_norm(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, eps);
+                scale = ctx->weight_adapter->patch_weight(ctx->ggml_ctx, ctx->backend, scale, prefix + "scale.weight");
-            x                  = ggml_mul_inplace(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, scale);
+            }
+            scale = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, scale, ggml_ext_ones(ctx->ggml_ctx, scale->ne[0], 1, 1, 1));
+            x     = ggml_rms_norm(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, eps);
+            x     = ggml_mul_inplace(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, scale);
             return x;
         }
     };
@@ -295,10 +298,11 @@ namespace Krea2 {
     class KreaDoubleSharedModulation : public GGMLBlock {
     protected:
         int64_t dim;
+        std::string prefix;
 
         void init_params(ggml_context* ctx, const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map = {}, const std::string prefix = "") override {
             GGML_UNUSED(tensor_storage_map);
-            GGML_UNUSED(prefix);
+            this->prefix  = prefix;
             params["lin"] = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, dim * 6);
         }
 
@@ -307,7 +311,11 @@ namespace Krea2 {
             : dim(dim) {}
 
         std::vector<ggml_tensor*> forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, ggml_tensor* vec) {
-            auto lin = ggml_repeat(ctx->ggml_ctx, params["lin"], vec);
+            auto lin = params["lin"];
+            if (ctx->weight_adapter) {
+                lin = ctx->weight_adapter->patch_weight(ctx->ggml_ctx, ctx->backend, lin, prefix + "lin.weight");
+            }
+            lin      = ggml_repeat(ctx->ggml_ctx, lin, vec);
             auto out = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, vec, lin);
             return ggml_ext_chunk(ctx->ggml_ctx, out, 6, 0);
         }
@@ -316,10 +324,11 @@ namespace Krea2 {
     class KreaFinalModulation : public GGMLBlock {
     protected:
         int64_t dim;
+        std::string prefix;
 
         void init_params(ggml_context* ctx, const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map = {}, const std::string prefix = "") override {
             GGML_UNUSED(tensor_storage_map);
-            GGML_UNUSED(prefix);
+            this->prefix  = prefix;
             params["lin"] = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, dim, 2);
         }
 
@@ -328,7 +337,11 @@ namespace Krea2 {
             : dim(dim) {}
 
         std::vector<ggml_tensor*> forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, ggml_tensor* vec) {
-            auto out = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, params["lin"], vec);
+            auto lin = params["lin"];
+            if (ctx->weight_adapter) {
+                lin = ctx->weight_adapter->patch_weight(ctx->ggml_ctx, ctx->backend, lin, prefix + "lin.weight");
+            }
+            auto out = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, lin, vec);
             return ggml_ext_chunk(ctx->ggml_ctx, out, 2, 1);
         }
     };

src/model/diffusion/model.hpp

@@ -87,6 +87,29 @@ struct LTXAVDiffusionExtra {
     const sd::Tensor<float>* video_positions = nullptr;
 };
 
+enum class MiniMaxH3ReferenceKind : int32_t {
+    IMAGE,
+    VIDEO,
+    AUDIO,
+    VIDEO_AUDIO,
+};
+
+struct MiniMaxH3ReferenceBlock {
+    MiniMaxH3ReferenceKind kind = MiniMaxH3ReferenceKind::IMAGE;
+    int32_t video_index         = -1;
+    int32_t audio_index         = -1;
+};
+
+struct MiniMaxH3DiffusionExtra {
+    const sd::Tensor<int32_t>* text_token_tags                    = nullptr;
+    const sd::Tensor<int32_t>* keyframe_indices                   = nullptr;
+    const std::vector<sd::Tensor<float>>* reference_audio_latents = nullptr;
+    const std::vector<MiniMaxH3ReferenceBlock>* reference_blocks  = nullptr;
+    int audio_length                                              = 0;
+    float video_sigma_shift                                       = 12.f;
+    float audio_sigma_shift                                       = 3.f;
+};
+
 struct MiniT2IDiffusionExtra {
     const sd::Tensor<float>* mask = nullptr;
 };
@@ -106,6 +129,7 @@ using DiffusionExtraParams = std::variant<std::monostate,
                                           WanDiffusionExtra,
                                           HiDreamO1DiffusionExtra,
                                           LTXAVDiffusionExtra,
+                                          MiniMaxH3DiffusionExtra,
                                           MiniT2IDiffusionExtra,
                                           HunyuanVideoDiffusionExtra>;
 

src/model/te/llm.hpp

@@ -79,9 +79,20 @@ namespace LLM {
         int window_size                     = 112;
         int num_position_embeddings         = 0;
         std::set<int> fullatt_block_indexes = {7, 15, 23, 31};
-        bool split_patch_embed              = false;
+        std::vector<int> deepstack_visual_indexes;
+        bool split_patch_embed = false;
     };
 
+    struct ImageGrid {
+        int index  = 0;
+        int size   = 0;
+        int grid_h = 0;
+        int grid_w = 0;
+    };
+
+    using ImageEmbeds          = std::vector<std::pair<int, sd::Tensor<float>>>;
+    using DeepStackImageEmbeds = std::vector<ImageEmbeds>;
+
     struct LLMConfig {
         LLMArch arch                    = LLMArch::QWEN2_5_VL;
         int64_t num_layers              = 28;
@@ -93,6 +104,7 @@ namespace LLM {
         bool qkv_bias                   = true;
         bool attention_out_bias         = false;
         bool qk_norm                    = false;
+        bool final_norm                 = true;
         bool rms_norm_add               = false;
         bool normalize_input            = false;
         int64_t vocab_size              = 152064;
@@ -257,9 +269,20 @@ namespace LLM {
             if ((arch == LLMArch::QWEN3 || arch == LLMArch::QWEN3_VL) && config.num_layers == 28) {
                 config.num_heads = 16;
             }
+            if (arch == LLMArch::QWEN3_VL && config.num_layers == 50 && config.hidden_size == 5120) {
+                config.num_heads  = 64;
+                config.final_norm = false;
+            }
             if (detected_vision_layers > 0) {
                 config.vision.num_layers = detected_vision_layers;
             }
+            if (arch == LLMArch::QWEN3_VL) {
+                if (config.vision.num_layers == 24) {
+                    config.vision.deepstack_visual_indexes = {5, 11, 17};
+                } else if (config.vision.num_layers == 27) {
+                    config.vision.deepstack_visual_indexes = {8, 16, 24};
+                }
+            }
             LOG_DEBUG("llm: num_layers = %" PRId64 ", vocab_size = %" PRId64 ", hidden_size = %" PRId64 ", intermediate_size = %" PRId64,
                       config.num_layers,
                       config.vocab_size,
@@ -541,6 +564,37 @@ namespace LLM {
         return input_embed;
     }
 
+    static ggml_tensor* add_deepstack_image_embeds(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
+                                                   ggml_tensor* x,
+                                                   const std::vector<std::pair<int, ggml_tensor*>>& image_embeds) {
+        if (image_embeds.empty()) {
+            return x;
+        }
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(x->ne[2] == 1);
+        auto raw_x          = ggml_cast(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, image_embeds[0].second->type);
+        int64_t token_start = 0;
+        ggml_tensor* output = nullptr;
+        for (const auto& [index, image_embed] : image_embeds) {
+            GGML_ASSERT(index >= token_start);
+            GGML_ASSERT(index + image_embed->ne[1] <= raw_x->ne[1]);
+            if (index > token_start) {
+                auto text_embed = ggml_ext_slice(ctx->ggml_ctx, raw_x, 1, token_start, index);
+                output          = output == nullptr ? text_embed : ggml_concat(ctx->ggml_ctx, output, text_embed, 1);
+            }
+            auto visual_embed = ggml_ext_slice(ctx->ggml_ctx, raw_x, 1, index, index + image_embed->ne[1]);
+            visual_embed      = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, visual_embed, image_embed);
+            output            = output == nullptr ? visual_embed : ggml_concat(ctx->ggml_ctx, output, visual_embed, 1);
+            token_start       = index + image_embed->ne[1];
+        }
+        if (token_start < raw_x->ne[1]) {
+            auto text_embed = ggml_ext_slice(ctx->ggml_ctx, raw_x, 1, token_start, raw_x->ne[1]);
+            output          = output == nullptr ? text_embed : ggml_concat(ctx->ggml_ctx, output, text_embed, 1);
+        }
+        GGML_ASSERT(output != nullptr && output->ne[1] == raw_x->ne[1]);
+        return output;
+    }
+
     struct VisionMLP : public GGMLBlock {
     protected:
         LLMVisionArch arch_;
@@ -723,6 +777,33 @@ namespace LLM {
         }
     };
 
+    struct Qwen3VLDeepStackMerger : public GGMLBlock {
+    protected:
+        int64_t merge_dim;
+
+    public:
+        Qwen3VLDeepStackMerger(int64_t dim,
+                               int64_t context_dim,
+                               int64_t spatial_merge_size)
+            : merge_dim(context_dim * spatial_merge_size * spatial_merge_size) {
+            blocks["norm"]       = std::make_shared<LayerNorm>(merge_dim, 1e-6f);
+            blocks["linear_fc1"] = std::make_shared<Linear>(merge_dim, merge_dim, true);
+            blocks["linear_fc2"] = std::make_shared<Linear>(merge_dim, dim, true);
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, ggml_tensor* x) {
+            auto norm       = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LayerNorm>(blocks["norm"]);
+            auto linear_fc1 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["linear_fc1"]);
+            auto linear_fc2 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["linear_fc2"]);
+
+            x = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, merge_dim, ggml_nelements(x) / merge_dim);
+            x = norm->forward(ctx, x);
+            x = linear_fc1->forward(ctx, x);
+            x = ggml_gelu_erf(ctx->ggml_ctx, x);
+            return linear_fc2->forward(ctx, x);
+        }
+    };
+
     struct VisionAttention : public GGMLBlock {
     protected:
         bool llama_cpp_style;
@@ -844,6 +925,7 @@ namespace LLM {
         int spatial_merge_size;
         int num_grid_per_side;
         std::set<int> fullatt_block_indexes;
+        std::vector<int> deepstack_visual_indexes;
 
     public:
         VisionModel(bool llama_cpp_style,
@@ -853,7 +935,8 @@ namespace LLM {
               num_layers(vision_params.num_layers),
               spatial_merge_size(vision_params.spatial_merge_size),
               num_grid_per_side(vision_params.num_position_embeddings > 0 ? static_cast<int>(std::sqrt(vision_params.num_position_embeddings)) : 0),
-              fullatt_block_indexes(vision_params.fullatt_block_indexes) {
+              fullatt_block_indexes(vision_params.fullatt_block_indexes),
+              deepstack_visual_indexes(vision_params.deepstack_visual_indexes) {
             blocks["patch_embed"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new VisionPatchEmbed(vision_params.split_patch_embed,
                                                                                     arch_,
                                                                                     vision_params.patch_size,
@@ -875,6 +958,11 @@ namespace LLM {
                                                                                 vision_params.out_hidden_size,
                                                                                 vision_params.hidden_size,
                                                                                 spatial_merge_size));
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < deepstack_visual_indexes.size(); ++i) {
+                blocks["deepstack_merger_list." + std::to_string(i)] = std::make_shared<Qwen3VLDeepStackMerger>(vision_params.out_hidden_size,
+                                                                                                                vision_params.hidden_size,
+                                                                                                                spatial_merge_size);
+            }
         }
 
         std::shared_ptr<Embedding> pos_embedder() {
@@ -893,13 +981,13 @@ namespace LLM {
             return spatial_merge_size;
         }
 
-        ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
+        std::vector<ggml_tensor*> forward_outputs(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
-                             ggml_tensor* pixel_values,
+                                                  ggml_tensor* pixel_values,
-                             ggml_tensor* pe,
+                                                  ggml_tensor* pe,
-                             ggml_tensor* window_index,
+                                                  ggml_tensor* window_index,
-                             ggml_tensor* window_inverse_index,
+                                                  ggml_tensor* window_inverse_index,
-                             ggml_tensor* window_mask,
+                                                  ggml_tensor* window_mask,
-                             ggml_tensor* pos_embeds = nullptr) {
+                                                  ggml_tensor* pos_embeds = nullptr) {
             // pixel_values: [grid_t*(H/mh/ph)*(W/mw/pw)*mh*mw, C*pt*ph*pw]
             // window_index: [grid_t*(H/mh/ph)*(W/mw/pw)]
             // window_inverse_index: [grid_t*(H/mh/ph)*(W/mw/pw)]
@@ -919,6 +1007,7 @@ namespace LLM {
                 x = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, x->ne[0] / spatial_merge_size / spatial_merge_size, x->ne[1] * spatial_merge_size * spatial_merge_size, x->ne[2], x->ne[3]);
             }
 
+            std::vector<ggml_tensor*> deepstack_outputs;
             for (int i = 0; i < num_layers; i++) {
                 auto block = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<VisionBlock>(blocks["blocks." + std::to_string(i)]);
 
@@ -926,8 +1015,12 @@ namespace LLM {
                 if (fullatt_block_indexes.find(i) != fullatt_block_indexes.end()) {
                     mask = nullptr;
                 }
-                x = block->forward(ctx, x, pe, mask);
+                x                 = block->forward(ctx, x, pe, mask);
-                if (i == 0) {
+                auto deepstack_it = std::find(deepstack_visual_indexes.begin(), deepstack_visual_indexes.end(), i);
+                if (deepstack_it != deepstack_visual_indexes.end()) {
+                    size_t deepstack_index = static_cast<size_t>(std::distance(deepstack_visual_indexes.begin(), deepstack_it));
+                    auto deepstack_merger  = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Qwen3VLDeepStackMerger>(blocks["deepstack_merger_list." + std::to_string(deepstack_index)]);
+                    deepstack_outputs.push_back(deepstack_merger->forward(ctx, x));
                 }
                 sd::ggml_graph_cut::mark_graph_cut(x, "llm.vision.blocks." + std::to_string(i), "x");
             }
@@ -939,7 +1032,19 @@ namespace LLM {
                 x = ggml_get_rows(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, window_inverse_index);
             }
 
-            return x;
+            std::vector<ggml_tensor*> outputs = {x};
+            outputs.insert(outputs.end(), deepstack_outputs.begin(), deepstack_outputs.end());
+            return outputs;
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
+                             ggml_tensor* pixel_values,
+                             ggml_tensor* pe,
+                             ggml_tensor* window_index,
+                             ggml_tensor* window_inverse_index,
+                             ggml_tensor* window_mask,
+                             ggml_tensor* pos_embeds = nullptr) {
+            return forward_outputs(ctx, pixel_values, pe, window_index, window_inverse_index, window_mask, pos_embeds)[0];
         }
     };
 
@@ -1263,7 +1368,9 @@ namespace LLM {
             for (int i = 0; i < num_layers; i++) {
                 blocks["layers." + std::to_string(i)] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new TransformerBlock(config, i));
             }
-            blocks["norm"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new LLMRMSNorm(config.hidden_size, config.rms_norm_eps, config.rms_norm_add));
+            if (config.final_norm) {
+                blocks["norm"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new LLMRMSNorm(config.hidden_size, config.rms_norm_eps, config.rms_norm_add));
+            }
         }
 
         ggml_tensor* embed(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
@@ -1278,9 +1385,11 @@ namespace LLM {
                                     ggml_tensor* input_pos,
                                     ggml_tensor* attention_mask,
                                     std::set<int> out_layers,
-                                    ggml_tensor* sliding_attention_mask = nullptr,
+                                    const std::vector<std::vector<std::pair<int, ggml_tensor*>>>& deepstack_image_embeds = {},
-                                    bool return_all_hidden_states       = false) {
+                                    ggml_tensor* sliding_attention_mask                                                  = nullptr,
-            auto norm = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LLMRMSNorm>(blocks["norm"]);
+                                    bool return_all_hidden_states                                                        = false) {
+            auto norm = config.final_norm ? std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LLMRMSNorm>(blocks["norm"])
+                                          : nullptr;
             std::vector<ggml_tensor*> intermediate_outputs;
 
             if (config.normalize_input) {
@@ -1295,6 +1404,9 @@ namespace LLM {
                 auto block = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<TransformerBlock>(blocks["layers." + std::to_string(i)]);
 
                 x = block->forward(ctx, x, input_pos, attention_mask, sliding_attention_mask);
+                if (i < static_cast<int>(deepstack_image_embeds.size())) {
+                    x = add_deepstack_image_embeds(ctx, x, deepstack_image_embeds[static_cast<size_t>(i)]);
+                }
                 if (return_all_hidden_states || out_layers.size() > 1) {
                     x = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, x);
                 }
@@ -1308,7 +1420,7 @@ namespace LLM {
                 }
             }
 
-            auto normed_x = norm->forward(ctx, x);
+            auto normed_x = norm == nullptr ? x : norm->forward(ctx, x);
             if (return_all_hidden_states) {
                 intermediate_outputs.push_back(normed_x);
                 x = intermediate_outputs[0];
@@ -1336,6 +1448,7 @@ namespace LLM {
                              ggml_tensor* attention_mask,
                              ggml_tensor* sliding_attention_mask,
                              std::vector<std::pair<int, ggml_tensor*>> image_embeds,
+                             const std::vector<std::vector<std::pair<int, ggml_tensor*>>>& deepstack_image_embeds,
                              std::set<int> out_layers,
                              bool return_all_hidden_states = false) {
             // input_ids: [N, n_token]
@@ -1347,6 +1460,7 @@ namespace LLM {
                                   input_pos,
                                   attention_mask,
                                   std::move(out_layers),
+                                  deepstack_image_embeds,
                                   sliding_attention_mask,
                                   return_all_hidden_states);
         }
@@ -1372,6 +1486,7 @@ namespace LLM {
                              ggml_tensor* attention_mask,
                              ggml_tensor* sliding_attention_mask,
                              std::vector<std::pair<int, ggml_tensor*>> image_embeds,
+                             const std::vector<std::vector<std::pair<int, ggml_tensor*>>>& deepstack_image_embeds,
                              std::set<int> out_layers,
                              bool return_all_hidden_states = false) {
             // input_ids: [N, n_token]
@@ -1383,6 +1498,7 @@ namespace LLM {
                                     attention_mask,
                                     sliding_attention_mask,
                                     image_embeds,
+                                    deepstack_image_embeds,
                                     out_layers,
                                     return_all_hidden_states);
             return x;
@@ -1524,7 +1640,8 @@ namespace LLM {
                                                 std::vector<float>& window_mask_vec,
                                                 std::vector<float>& pe_vec,
                                                 std::array<std::vector<int32_t>, 4>& pos_embed_idx_data,
-                                                std::array<std::vector<float>, 4>& pos_embed_weight_data) {
+                                                std::array<std::vector<float>, 4>& pos_embed_weight_data,
+                                                std::vector<ggml_tensor*>* output_tensors = nullptr) {
             GGML_ASSERT(image->ne[1] % (vision_params.patch_size * vision_params.spatial_merge_size) == 0);
             GGML_ASSERT(image->ne[0] % (vision_params.patch_size * vision_params.spatial_merge_size) == 0);
 
@@ -1556,7 +1673,11 @@ namespace LLM {
                 int pos_len = static_cast<int>(pe_vec.size() / head_dim / 2);
                 auto pe     = ggml_new_tensor_4d(compute_ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, 2, 2, head_dim / 2, pos_len);
                 runner->set_backend_tensor_data(pe, pe_vec.data());
-                return vision_model->forward(runner_ctx, pixel_values, pe, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, pos_embeds);
+                auto outputs = vision_model->forward_outputs(runner_ctx, pixel_values, pe, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, pos_embeds);
+                if (output_tensors != nullptr) {
+                    *output_tensors = outputs;
+                }
+                return outputs[0];
             }
 
             int llm_grid_h             = grid_h / vision_params.spatial_merge_size;
@@ -1622,7 +1743,11 @@ namespace LLM {
             auto pe = ggml_new_tensor_4d(compute_ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, 2, 2, head_dim / 2, pos_len);
             runner->set_backend_tensor_data(pe, pe_vec.data());
 
-            return vision_model->forward(runner_ctx, pixel_values, pe, window_index, window_inverse_index, window_mask);
+            auto output = vision_model->forward(runner_ctx, pixel_values, pe, window_index, window_inverse_index, window_mask);
+            if (output_tensors != nullptr) {
+                *output_tensors = {output};
+            }
+            return output;
         }
 
     public:
@@ -1657,12 +1782,17 @@ namespace LLM {
             model.get_param_tensors(tensors, prefix);
         }
 
+        void get_param_tensor_ops(std::map<ggml_tensor*, enum ggml_op>& tensor_ops) {
+            model.get_param_tensor_ops(tensor_ops);
+        }
+
         ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                              ggml_tensor* input_ids,
                              ggml_tensor* input_pos,
                              ggml_tensor* attention_mask,
                              ggml_tensor* sliding_attention_mask,
                              std::vector<std::pair<int, ggml_tensor*>> image_embeds,
+                             const std::vector<std::vector<std::pair<int, ggml_tensor*>>>& deepstack_image_embeds,
                              std::set<int> out_layers,
                              bool return_all_hidden_states = false) {
             auto hidden_states = model.forward(ctx,
@@ -1671,6 +1801,7 @@ namespace LLM {
                                                attention_mask,
                                                sliding_attention_mask,
                                                image_embeds,
+                                               deepstack_image_embeds,
                                                out_layers,
                                                return_all_hidden_states);  // [N, n_token, hidden_size]
             return hidden_states;
@@ -1689,7 +1820,9 @@ namespace LLM {
 
         ggml_cgraph* build_graph(const sd::Tensor<int32_t>& input_ids_tensor,
                                  const sd::Tensor<float>& attention_mask_tensor,
-                                 const std::vector<std::pair<int, sd::Tensor<float>>>& image_embeds_tensor,
+                                 const ImageEmbeds& image_embeds_tensor,
+                                 const DeepStackImageEmbeds& deepstack_image_embeds_tensor,
+                                 const std::vector<ImageGrid>& image_grids,
                                  std::set<int> out_layers,
                                  bool return_all_hidden_states = false) {
             ggml_cgraph* gf        = new_graph_custom(LLM_GRAPH_SIZE);
@@ -1700,6 +1833,13 @@ namespace LLM {
                 ggml_tensor* embed = make_input(embed_tensor);
                 image_embeds.emplace_back(idx, embed);
             }
+            std::vector<std::vector<std::pair<int, ggml_tensor*>>> deepstack_image_embeds(deepstack_image_embeds_tensor.size());
+            for (size_t layer = 0; layer < deepstack_image_embeds_tensor.size(); ++layer) {
+                deepstack_image_embeds[layer].reserve(deepstack_image_embeds_tensor[layer].size());
+                for (const auto& [idx, embed_tensor] : deepstack_image_embeds_tensor[layer]) {
+                    deepstack_image_embeds[layer].emplace_back(idx, make_input(embed_tensor));
+                }
+            }
 
             int64_t n_tokens = input_ids->ne[0];
             if (config.arch == LLMArch::MISTRAL_SMALL_3_2 ||
@@ -1720,6 +1860,30 @@ namespace LLM {
                     input_pos_vec[2 * n_tokens + i] = i;
                     input_pos_vec[3 * n_tokens + i] = 0;
                 }
+                if (config.arch == LLMArch::QWEN3_VL && !image_grids.empty()) {
+                    int offset = 0;
+                    for (const auto& grid : image_grids) {
+                        int end      = grid.index + grid.size;
+                        int grid_h   = grid.grid_h / config.vision.spatial_merge_size;
+                        int grid_w   = grid.grid_w / config.vision.spatial_merge_size;
+                        int len_max  = std::max(grid_h, grid_w);
+                        int next_pos = grid.index + len_max + offset;
+                        GGML_ASSERT(grid.index >= 0 && end <= n_tokens);
+                        GGML_ASSERT(grid_h > 0 && grid_w > 0 && grid.size == grid_h * grid_w);
+                        for (int token = end; token < n_tokens; ++token) {
+                            int pos                             = next_pos + token - end;
+                            input_pos_vec[token]                = pos;
+                            input_pos_vec[n_tokens + token]     = pos;
+                            input_pos_vec[2 * n_tokens + token] = pos;
+                        }
+                        for (int token = 0; token < grid.size; ++token) {
+                            input_pos_vec[grid.index + token]                = grid.index + offset;
+                            input_pos_vec[n_tokens + grid.index + token]     = grid.index + offset + token / grid_w;
+                            input_pos_vec[2 * n_tokens + grid.index + token] = grid.index + offset + token % grid_w;
+                        }
+                        offset += len_max - grid.size;
+                    }
+                }
             }
 
             auto input_pos = ggml_new_tensor_1d(compute_ctx,
@@ -1777,6 +1941,7 @@ namespace LLM {
                                                  attention_mask,
                                                  sliding_attention_mask,
                                                  image_embeds,
+                                                 deepstack_image_embeds,
                                                  out_layers,
                                                  return_all_hidden_states);
 
@@ -1788,16 +1953,20 @@ namespace LLM {
         sd::Tensor<float> compute(const int n_threads,
                                   const sd::Tensor<int32_t>& input_ids,
                                   const sd::Tensor<float>& attention_mask,
-                                  const std::vector<std::pair<int, sd::Tensor<float>>>& image_embeds,
+                                  const ImageEmbeds& image_embeds,
                                   std::set<int> out_layers,
-                                  bool return_all_hidden_states = false,
+                                  bool return_all_hidden_states                      = false,
-                                  bool auto_free                = true,
+                                  bool auto_free                                     = true,
-                                  bool free_compute_buffer      = true,
+                                  bool free_compute_buffer                           = true,
-                                  bool free_compute_params      = true) {
+                                  bool free_compute_params                           = true,
+                                  const DeepStackImageEmbeds& deepstack_image_embeds = {},
+                                  const std::vector<ImageGrid>& image_grids          = {}) {
             auto get_graph = [&]() -> ggml_cgraph* {
                 return build_graph(input_ids,
                                    attention_mask,
                                    image_embeds,
+                                   deepstack_image_embeds,
+                                   image_grids,
                                    out_layers,
                                    return_all_hidden_states);
             };
@@ -1847,6 +2016,24 @@ namespace LLM {
                                        pos_embed_weight_data_);
         }
 
+        std::vector<ggml_tensor*> encode_image_outputs(GGMLRunnerContext* runner_ctx, ggml_tensor* image) {
+            std::vector<ggml_tensor*> outputs;
+            encode_image_common(this,
+                                compute_ctx,
+                                runner_ctx,
+                                image,
+                                config.vision,
+                                model.vision_model(),
+                                window_index_vec,
+                                window_inverse_index_vec,
+                                window_mask_vec,
+                                pe_vec,
+                                pos_embed_idx_data_,
+                                pos_embed_weight_data_,
+                                &outputs);
+            return outputs;
+        }
+
         ggml_cgraph* build_encode_image_graph(const sd::Tensor<float>& image_tensor) {
             ggml_cgraph* gf    = new_graph_custom(LLM_GRAPH_SIZE);
             ggml_tensor* image = make_input(image_tensor);
@@ -1871,6 +2058,166 @@ namespace LLM {
             };
             return take_or_empty(GGMLRunner::compute<float>(get_graph, n_threads, auto_free, free_compute_buffer, free_compute_params));
         }
+
+        ggml_cgraph* build_encode_image_outputs_graph(const sd::Tensor<float>& image_tensor) {
+            ggml_cgraph* gf    = new_graph_custom(LLM_GRAPH_SIZE);
+            ggml_tensor* image = make_input(image_tensor);
+
+            auto runner_ctx = get_context();
+            auto outputs    = encode_image_outputs(&runner_ctx, image);
+            GGML_ASSERT(!outputs.empty());
+            auto combined = outputs[0];
+            for (size_t i = 1; i < outputs.size(); ++i) {
+                combined = ggml_concat(compute_ctx, combined, outputs[i], 0);
+            }
+            ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, combined);
+            return gf;
+        }
+
+        static sd::Tensor<float> process_video_block_tensor(const sd::Tensor<float>& frames,
+                                                            const LLMVisionConfig& vision_params) {
+            GGML_ASSERT(frames.dim() == 5);
+            GGML_ASSERT(frames.shape()[2] == vision_params.temporal_patch_size);
+            GGML_ASSERT(frames.shape()[3] == vision_params.in_channels);
+            GGML_ASSERT(frames.shape()[4] == 1);
+
+            int64_t width       = frames.shape()[0];
+            int64_t height      = frames.shape()[1];
+            int64_t temporal    = frames.shape()[2];
+            int64_t channels    = frames.shape()[3];
+            int64_t patch       = vision_params.patch_size;
+            int64_t merge       = vision_params.spatial_merge_size;
+            int64_t grid_w      = width / patch;
+            int64_t grid_h      = height / patch;
+            int64_t feature     = channels * temporal * patch * patch;
+            int64_t token_count = grid_h * grid_w;
+            sd::Tensor<float> output({feature, token_count});
+
+            int64_t token = 0;
+            for (int64_t block_h = 0; block_h < grid_h / merge; ++block_h) {
+                for (int64_t block_w = 0; block_w < grid_w / merge; ++block_w) {
+                    for (int64_t inner_h = 0; inner_h < merge; ++inner_h) {
+                        for (int64_t inner_w = 0; inner_w < merge; ++inner_w) {
+                            int64_t patch_h = block_h * merge + inner_h;
+                            int64_t patch_w = block_w * merge + inner_w;
+                            int64_t offset  = 0;
+                            for (int64_t c = 0; c < channels; ++c) {
+                                for (int64_t t = 0; t < temporal; ++t) {
+                                    for (int64_t y = 0; y < patch; ++y) {
+                                        for (int64_t x = 0; x < patch; ++x) {
+                                            output.index(offset++, token) =
+                                                frames.index(patch_w * patch + x,
+                                                             patch_h * patch + y,
+                                                             t,
+                                                             c,
+                                                             0);
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                            ++token;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return output;
+        }
+
+        ggml_cgraph* build_encode_video_block_outputs_graph(const sd::Tensor<float>& pixel_values_tensor,
+                                                            int grid_h,
+                                                            int grid_w) {
+            ggml_cgraph* gf   = new_graph_custom(LLM_GRAPH_SIZE);
+            auto pixel_values = make_input(pixel_values_tensor);
+            auto runner_ctx   = get_context();
+            auto vision       = model.vision_model();
+            int head_dim      = static_cast<int>(config.vision.hidden_size / config.vision.num_heads);
+            auto pos_embeds   = build_patch_pos_embeds(&runner_ctx, vision, grid_h, grid_w);
+            window_index_vec.resize(static_cast<size_t>((grid_h / config.vision.spatial_merge_size) *
+                                                        (grid_w / config.vision.spatial_merge_size)));
+            for (int i = 0; i < static_cast<int>(window_index_vec.size()); ++i) {
+                window_index_vec[static_cast<size_t>(i)] = i;
+            }
+            pe_vec      = Rope::gen_qwen2vl_pe(grid_h,
+                                               grid_w,
+                                               config.vision.spatial_merge_size,
+                                               window_index_vec,
+                                               10000,
+                                               {head_dim / 2, head_dim / 2});
+            int pos_len = static_cast<int>(pe_vec.size() / head_dim / 2);
+            auto pe     = ggml_new_tensor_4d(compute_ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, 2, 2, head_dim / 2, pos_len);
+            set_backend_tensor_data(pe, pe_vec.data());
+            auto outputs = vision->forward_outputs(&runner_ctx,
+                                                   pixel_values,
+                                                   pe,
+                                                   nullptr,
+                                                   nullptr,
+                                                   nullptr,
+                                                   pos_embeds);
+            GGML_ASSERT(!outputs.empty());
+            auto combined = outputs[0];
+            for (size_t i = 1; i < outputs.size(); ++i) {
+                combined = ggml_concat(compute_ctx, combined, outputs[i], 0);
+            }
+            ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, combined);
+            return gf;
+        }
+
+        std::vector<sd::Tensor<float>> encode_image_outputs(const int n_threads,
+                                                            const sd::Tensor<float>& image,
+                                                            bool auto_free           = false,
+                                                            bool free_compute_buffer = false,
+                                                            bool free_compute_params = false) {
+            auto get_graph = [&]() -> ggml_cgraph* {
+                return build_encode_image_outputs_graph(image);
+            };
+            auto combined = take_or_empty(GGMLRunner::compute<float>(get_graph, n_threads, auto_free, free_compute_buffer, free_compute_params));
+            if (combined.empty()) {
+                return {};
+            }
+            size_t output_count = config.vision.deepstack_visual_indexes.size() + 1;
+            GGML_ASSERT(combined.shape()[0] == config.hidden_size * static_cast<int64_t>(output_count));
+            std::vector<sd::Tensor<float>> outputs;
+            outputs.reserve(output_count);
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < output_count; ++i) {
+                outputs.push_back(sd::ops::slice(combined,
+                                                 0,
+                                                 static_cast<int64_t>(i) * config.hidden_size,
+                                                 static_cast<int64_t>(i + 1) * config.hidden_size));
+            }
+            return outputs;
+        }
+
+        std::vector<sd::Tensor<float>> encode_video_block_outputs(const int n_threads,
+                                                                  const sd::Tensor<float>& frames,
+                                                                  bool auto_free           = false,
+                                                                  bool free_compute_buffer = false,
+                                                                  bool free_compute_params = false) {
+            int grid_h        = static_cast<int>(frames.shape()[1] / config.vision.patch_size);
+            int grid_w        = static_cast<int>(frames.shape()[0] / config.vision.patch_size);
+            auto pixel_values = process_video_block_tensor(frames, config.vision);
+            auto get_graph    = [&]() -> ggml_cgraph* {
+                return build_encode_video_block_outputs_graph(pixel_values, grid_h, grid_w);
+            };
+            auto combined = take_or_empty(GGMLRunner::compute<float>(get_graph,
+                                                                     n_threads,
+                                                                     auto_free,
+                                                                     free_compute_buffer,
+                                                                     free_compute_params));
+            if (combined.empty()) {
+                return {};
+            }
+            size_t output_count = config.vision.deepstack_visual_indexes.size() + 1;
+            GGML_ASSERT(combined.shape()[0] == config.hidden_size * static_cast<int64_t>(output_count));
+            std::vector<sd::Tensor<float>> outputs;
+            outputs.reserve(output_count);
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < output_count; ++i) {
+                outputs.push_back(sd::ops::slice(combined,
+                                                 0,
+                                                 static_cast<int64_t>(i) * config.hidden_size,
+                                                 static_cast<int64_t>(i + 1) * config.hidden_size));
+            }
+            return outputs;
+        }
     };
 
     struct LLMEmbedder {

src/model/vae/audio_vae.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#ifndef __SD_MODEL_VAE_AUDIO_VAE_HPP__
+#define __SD_MODEL_VAE_AUDIO_VAE_HPP__
+
+#include "core/ggml_extend.hpp"
+
+struct AudioVAERunner : public GGMLRunner {
+    AudioVAERunner(ggml_backend_t backend,
+                   std::shared_ptr<RunnerWeightManager> weight_manager = nullptr)
+        : GGMLRunner(backend, weight_manager) {}
+
+    virtual void get_param_tensors(std::map<std::string, ggml_tensor*>& tensors) = 0;
+    virtual size_t get_params_mem_size()                                         = 0;
+    virtual std::string get_desc()                                               = 0;
+    virtual sd::Tensor<float> encode(int n_threads,
+                                     const sd::Tensor<float>& waveform) {
+        SD_UNUSED(n_threads);
+        SD_UNUSED(waveform);
+        return {};
+    }
+    virtual sd::Tensor<float> decode(int n_threads,
+                                     const sd::Tensor<float>& latent_tensor) = 0;
+    virtual int input_sample_rate() const {
+        return output_sample_rate();
+    }
+    virtual int output_sample_rate() const = 0;
+};
+
+#endif  // __SD_MODEL_VAE_AUDIO_VAE_HPP__

src/model/vae/ltx_audio_vae.hpp

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "core/ggml_extend.hpp"
+#include "model/vae/audio_vae.hpp"
 #include "model_loader.h"
 #include "model_manager.h"
 
@@ -996,7 +997,7 @@ namespace LTXV {
         }
     };
 
-    struct LTXAudioVAERunner : public GGMLRunner {
+    struct LTXAudioVAERunner : public AudioVAERunner {
         LTXAudioVAEConfig config;
         LTXAudioVAE model;
         std::string weight_prefix;
@@ -1006,7 +1007,7 @@ namespace LTXV {
                           const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map,
                           const std::string& prefix                           = "",
                           std::shared_ptr<RunnerWeightManager> weight_manager = nullptr)
-            : GGMLRunner(backend, weight_manager),
+            : AudioVAERunner(backend, weight_manager),
               weight_prefix(prefix),
               config(LTXAudioVAEConfig::detect_from_weights(tensor_storage_map)),
               model(config) {
@@ -1017,20 +1018,20 @@ namespace LTXV {
             }
         }
 
-        void get_param_tensors(std::map<std::string, ggml_tensor*>& tensors) {
+        void get_param_tensors(std::map<std::string, ggml_tensor*>& tensors) override {
             model.get_param_tensors(tensors, weight_prefix);
         }
 
-        size_t get_params_mem_size() {
+        size_t get_params_mem_size() override {
             return model.get_params_mem_size();
         }
 
-        std::string get_desc() {
+        std::string get_desc() override {
             return "ltx_audio_vae";
         }
 
         sd::Tensor<float> decode(int n_threads,
-                                 const sd::Tensor<float>& latent_tensor) {
+                                 const sd::Tensor<float>& latent_tensor) override {
             int64_t t0     = ggml_time_ms();
             auto get_graph = [&]() -> ggml_cgraph* {
                 auto latent                  = make_input(latent_tensor);
@@ -1047,6 +1048,10 @@ namespace LTXV {
             return result;
         }
 
+        int output_sample_rate() const override {
+            return config.output_sample_rate();
+        }
+
         void test(const std::string& input_path) {
             auto z = sd::load_tensor_from_file_as_tensor<float>(input_path);
             GGML_ASSERT(!z.empty());

src/model/vae/minimax_h3_audio_vae.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,497 @@
+#ifndef __SD_MODEL_VAE_MINIMAX_H3_AUDIO_VAE_HPP__
+#define __SD_MODEL_VAE_MINIMAX_H3_AUDIO_VAE_HPP__
+
+#include <array>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "model/vae/audio_vae.hpp"
+#include "model/vae/ltx_audio_vae.hpp"
+
+namespace MiniMaxH3 {
+
+    struct AudioSnake1D : public UnaryBlock {
+        int64_t channels;
+
+        explicit AudioSnake1D(int64_t channels)
+            : channels(channels) {}
+
+        void init_params(ggml_context* ctx,
+                         const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map = {},
+                         const std::string prefix                       = "") override {
+            SD_UNUSED(tensor_storage_map);
+            SD_UNUSED(prefix);
+            params["alpha"] = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, 1, channels, 1);
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, ggml_tensor* x) override {
+            auto alpha       = params["alpha"];
+            auto oscillation = ggml_sin(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_mul(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, alpha));
+            oscillation      = ggml_mul(ctx->ggml_ctx, oscillation, oscillation);
+            auto eps         = ggml_ext_scale(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_ext_ones(ctx->ggml_ctx, 1, 1, 1, 1), 1e-9f);
+            return ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx,
+                            x,
+                            ggml_div(ctx->ggml_ctx, oscillation, ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, alpha, eps)));
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct AudioEncoderResidualUnit : public GGMLBlock {
+        int64_t channels;
+
+        AudioEncoderResidualUnit(int64_t channels, int dilation)
+            : channels(channels) {
+            blocks["block.0"] = std::make_shared<AudioSnake1D>(channels);
+            blocks["block.1"] = std::make_shared<LTXV::Conv1D>(channels,
+                                                               channels,
+                                                               7,
+                                                               1,
+                                                               3 * dilation,
+                                                               dilation);
+            blocks["block.2"] = std::make_shared<AudioSnake1D>(channels);
+            blocks["block.3"] = std::make_shared<LTXV::Conv1D>(channels, channels, 1);
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, ggml_tensor* x) {
+            auto act1  = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<AudioSnake1D>(blocks["block.0"]);
+            auto conv1 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LTXV::Conv1D>(blocks["block.1"]);
+            auto act2  = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<AudioSnake1D>(blocks["block.2"]);
+            auto conv2 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LTXV::Conv1D>(blocks["block.3"]);
+            auto h     = conv2->forward(ctx, act2->forward(ctx, conv1->forward(ctx, act1->forward(ctx, x))));
+            if (x->ne[0] != h->ne[0]) {
+                int64_t pad = (x->ne[0] - h->ne[0]) / 2;
+                x           = ggml_ext_slice(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, 0, pad, x->ne[0] - pad);
+            }
+            return ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, h);
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct AudioEncoderBlock : public GGMLBlock {
+        int64_t out_channels;
+
+        AudioEncoderBlock(int64_t out_channels, int stride)
+            : out_channels(out_channels) {
+            int64_t in_channels = out_channels / 2;
+            blocks["block.0"]   = std::make_shared<AudioEncoderResidualUnit>(in_channels, 1);
+            blocks["block.1"]   = std::make_shared<AudioEncoderResidualUnit>(in_channels, 3);
+            blocks["block.2"]   = std::make_shared<AudioEncoderResidualUnit>(in_channels, 9);
+            blocks["block.3"]   = std::make_shared<AudioSnake1D>(in_channels);
+            blocks["block.4"]   = std::make_shared<LTXV::Conv1D>(in_channels,
+                                                               out_channels,
+                                                               2 * stride,
+                                                               stride,
+                                                               static_cast<int>(std::ceil(stride / 2.f)));
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, ggml_tensor* x) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+                auto unit = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<AudioEncoderResidualUnit>(blocks["block." + std::to_string(i)]);
+                x         = unit->forward(ctx, x);
+            }
+            auto act  = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<AudioSnake1D>(blocks["block.3"]);
+            auto conv = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LTXV::Conv1D>(blocks["block.4"]);
+            return conv->forward(ctx, act->forward(ctx, x));
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct AudioEncoder : public GGMLBlock {
+        static constexpr std::array<int, 5> strides = {2, 4, 4, 5, 5};
+
+        AudioEncoder() {
+            int64_t channels  = 64;
+            blocks["block.0"] = std::make_shared<LTXV::Conv1D>(1, channels, 7, 1, 3);
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < strides.size(); ++i) {
+                channels *= 2;
+                blocks["block." + std::to_string(i + 1)] = std::make_shared<AudioEncoderBlock>(channels, strides[i]);
+            }
+            blocks["block.6"] = std::make_shared<AudioSnake1D>(channels);
+            blocks["block.7"] = std::make_shared<LTXV::Conv1D>(channels, 2048, 3, 1, 1);
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, ggml_tensor* x) {
+            auto input = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LTXV::Conv1D>(blocks["block.0"]);
+            x          = input->forward(ctx, x);
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < strides.size(); ++i) {
+                auto block = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<AudioEncoderBlock>(blocks["block." + std::to_string(i + 1)]);
+                x          = block->forward(ctx, x);
+            }
+            auto act = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<AudioSnake1D>(blocks["block.6"]);
+            auto out = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LTXV::Conv1D>(blocks["block.7"]);
+            return out->forward(ctx, act->forward(ctx, x));
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct AudioGeGLUMLP : public GGMLBlock {
+        AudioGeGLUMLP(int64_t hidden_size, int64_t intermediate_size) {
+            blocks["norm"] = std::make_shared<LayerNorm>(hidden_size);
+            blocks["w0"]   = std::make_shared<Linear>(hidden_size, intermediate_size, true);
+            blocks["w1"]   = std::make_shared<Linear>(hidden_size, intermediate_size, true);
+            blocks["w2"]   = std::make_shared<Linear>(intermediate_size, hidden_size, true);
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, ggml_tensor* x) {
+            auto norm = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LayerNorm>(blocks["norm"]);
+            auto w0   = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["w0"]);
+            auto w1   = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["w1"]);
+            auto w2   = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["w2"]);
+            x         = norm->forward(ctx, x);
+            auto gate = ggml_ext_gelu(ctx->ggml_ctx, w0->forward(ctx, x), true);
+            return w2->forward(ctx, ggml_mul(ctx->ggml_ctx, gate, w1->forward(ctx, x)));
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct AudioCausalAttention : public GGMLBlock {
+        static constexpr int64_t in_channels  = 2048;
+        static constexpr int64_t out_channels = 32;
+        static constexpr int64_t num_head     = 8;
+        static constexpr int64_t head_dim     = in_channels / num_head;
+
+        AudioCausalAttention() {
+            blocks["qkv"]  = std::make_shared<Linear>(in_channels, in_channels * 3, false);
+            blocks["proj"] = std::make_shared<Linear>(out_channels, out_channels, true);
+        }
+
+        void init_params(ggml_context* ctx,
+                         const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map = {},
+                         const std::string prefix                       = "") override {
+            GGMLBlock::init_params(ctx, tensor_storage_map, prefix);
+            params["q_bias"] = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, in_channels);
+            params["v_bias"] = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, in_channels);
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, ggml_tensor* x) {
+            auto qkv_layer  = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["qkv"]);
+            auto proj       = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["proj"]);
+            auto qkv        = ggml_ext_chunk(ctx->ggml_ctx, qkv_layer->forward(ctx, x), 3, 0);
+            auto bias_shape = [&](ggml_tensor* bias) {
+                return ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx, bias, bias->ne[0], 1, 1, 1);
+            };
+            auto q = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, qkv[0], bias_shape(params["q_bias"]));
+            auto k = qkv[1];
+            auto v = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, qkv[2], bias_shape(params["v_bias"]));
+
+            int64_t sequence = x->ne[1];
+            auto mask        = ggml_diag_mask_inf(ctx->ggml_ctx,
+                                                  ggml_ext_zeros(ctx->ggml_ctx, sequence, sequence, 1, 1),
+                                                  0);
+            auto attn_out    = ggml_ext_attention_ext(ctx->ggml_ctx,
+                                                      ctx->backend,
+                                                      q,
+                                                      k,
+                                                      v,
+                                                      num_head,
+                                                      mask,
+                                                      false,
+                                                      ctx->flash_attn_enabled);
+            int64_t batch    = attn_out->ne[2] * attn_out->ne[3];
+            attn_out         = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx, attn_out, head_dim, num_head, sequence, batch);
+            attn_out         = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, attn_out, 1, 0, 2, 3));
+            attn_out         = ggml_mean(ctx->ggml_ctx, attn_out);
+            attn_out         = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx, attn_out, head_dim, sequence, batch);
+
+            constexpr int64_t pool = head_dim / out_channels;
+            attn_out               = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx, attn_out, pool, out_channels, sequence, batch);
+            attn_out               = ggml_mean(ctx->ggml_ctx, attn_out);
+            attn_out               = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx, attn_out, out_channels, sequence, batch);
+            return proj->forward(ctx, attn_out);
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct AudioAttentionProjection : public GGMLBlock {
+        AudioAttentionProjection() {
+            blocks["norm1"] = std::make_shared<LayerNorm>(2048);
+            blocks["attn"]  = std::make_shared<AudioCausalAttention>();
+            blocks["proj"]  = std::make_shared<Linear>(2048, 32, true);
+            blocks["norm3"] = std::make_shared<LayerNorm>(2048);
+            blocks["norm2"] = std::make_shared<LayerNorm>(32);
+            blocks["mlp"]   = std::make_shared<AudioGeGLUMLP>(32, 64);
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, ggml_tensor* x) {
+            auto norm1 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LayerNorm>(blocks["norm1"]);
+            auto attn  = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<AudioCausalAttention>(blocks["attn"]);
+            auto proj  = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["proj"]);
+            auto norm3 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LayerNorm>(blocks["norm3"]);
+            auto norm2 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LayerNorm>(blocks["norm2"]);
+            auto mlp   = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<AudioGeGLUMLP>(blocks["mlp"]);
+            x          = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx,
+                                  proj->forward(ctx, norm3->forward(ctx, x)),
+                                  attn->forward(ctx, norm1->forward(ctx, x)));
+            return ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, mlp->forward(ctx, norm2->forward(ctx, x)));
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct AudioAMPBlock : public GGMLBlock {
+        int channels;
+
+        AudioAMPBlock(int channels,
+                      int kernel_size,
+                      const std::array<int, 3>& dilations)
+            : channels(channels) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+                blocks["activations." + std::to_string(i * 2)] =
+                    std::make_shared<LTXV::Activation1D>(channels);
+                blocks["activations." + std::to_string(i * 2 + 1)] =
+                    std::make_shared<LTXV::Activation1D>(channels);
+                blocks["convs1." + std::to_string(i)] =
+                    std::make_shared<LTXV::Conv1D>(channels,
+                                                   channels,
+                                                   kernel_size,
+                                                   1,
+                                                   (kernel_size * dilations[i] - dilations[i]) / 2,
+                                                   dilations[i]);
+                blocks["convs2." + std::to_string(i)] =
+                    std::make_shared<LTXV::Conv1D>(channels,
+                                                   channels,
+                                                   kernel_size,
+                                                   1,
+                                                   kernel_size / 2);
+            }
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, ggml_tensor* x) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+                auto act1 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LTXV::Activation1D>(
+                    blocks["activations." + std::to_string(i * 2)]);
+                auto act2 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LTXV::Activation1D>(
+                    blocks["activations." + std::to_string(i * 2 + 1)]);
+                auto conv1 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LTXV::Conv1D>(
+                    blocks["convs1." + std::to_string(i)]);
+                auto conv2 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LTXV::Conv1D>(
+                    blocks["convs2." + std::to_string(i)]);
+
+                auto h = conv1->forward(ctx, act1->forward(ctx, x));
+                h      = conv2->forward(ctx, act2->forward(ctx, h));
+                x      = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, h);
+            }
+            return x;
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct BigVGAN : public GGMLBlock {
+        static constexpr int initial_channels                     = 1024;
+        static constexpr int num_kernels                          = 3;
+        static constexpr int num_upsamples                        = 7;
+        static constexpr std::array<int, num_upsamples> rates     = {5, 5, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2};
+        static constexpr std::array<int, num_upsamples> kernels   = {9, 9, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4};
+        static constexpr std::array<int, num_kernels> res_kernels = {3, 7, 11};
+
+        BigVGAN() {
+            blocks["conv_pre"] = std::make_shared<LTXV::Conv1D>(2048,
+                                                                initial_channels,
+                                                                7,
+                                                                1,
+                                                                3);
+            int channels       = initial_channels;
+            for (int i = 0; i < num_upsamples; ++i) {
+                int next_channels = initial_channels / (1 << (i + 1));
+                blocks["ups." + std::to_string(i) + ".0"] =
+                    std::make_shared<LTXV::ConvTranspose1D>(channels,
+                                                            next_channels,
+                                                            kernels[i],
+                                                            rates[i],
+                                                            (kernels[i] - rates[i]) / 2);
+                for (int j = 0; j < num_kernels; ++j) {
+                    blocks["resblocks." + std::to_string(i * num_kernels + j)] =
+                        std::make_shared<AudioAMPBlock>(next_channels,
+                                                        res_kernels[j],
+                                                        std::array<int, 3>{1, 3, 5});
+                }
+                channels = next_channels;
+            }
+            blocks["activation_post"] = std::make_shared<LTXV::Activation1D>(channels);
+            blocks["conv_post"]       = std::make_shared<LTXV::Conv1D>(channels,
+                                                                 1,
+                                                                 7,
+                                                                 1,
+                                                                 3,
+                                                                 1,
+                                                                 false);
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, ggml_tensor* x) {
+            auto conv_pre = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LTXV::Conv1D>(blocks["conv_pre"]);
+            x             = conv_pre->forward(ctx, x);
+            for (int i = 0; i < num_upsamples; ++i) {
+                auto up = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LTXV::ConvTranspose1D>(
+                    blocks["ups." + std::to_string(i) + ".0"]);
+                x = up->forward(ctx, x);
+
+                ggml_tensor* sum = nullptr;
+                for (int j = 0; j < num_kernels; ++j) {
+                    auto block = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<AudioAMPBlock>(
+                        blocks["resblocks." + std::to_string(i * num_kernels + j)]);
+                    auto value = block->forward(ctx, x);
+                    sum        = sum == nullptr ? value : ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, sum, value);
+                }
+                x = ggml_ext_scale(ctx->ggml_ctx, sum, 1.f / num_kernels);
+            }
+            auto activation = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LTXV::Activation1D>(blocks["activation_post"]);
+            auto conv_post  = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LTXV::Conv1D>(blocks["conv_post"]);
+            return ggml_clamp(ctx->ggml_ctx,
+                              conv_post->forward(ctx, activation->forward(ctx, x)),
+                              -1.f,
+                              1.f);
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct AudioVAE : public GGMLBlock {
+        static constexpr int kLatentChannels = 32;
+
+        AudioVAE() {
+            blocks["encoder"]     = std::make_shared<AudioEncoder>();
+            blocks["pre_block"]   = std::make_shared<AudioAttentionProjection>();
+            blocks["mean_proj"]   = std::make_shared<LTXV::Conv1D>(kLatentChannels, kLatentChannels, 1);
+            blocks["logs_proj"]   = std::make_shared<LTXV::Conv1D>(kLatentChannels, kLatentChannels, 1);
+            blocks["dec_in_proj"] = std::make_shared<LTXV::Conv1D>(kLatentChannels,
+                                                                   2048,
+                                                                   1);
+            blocks["decoder"]     = std::make_shared<BigVGAN>();
+        }
+
+        void init_params(ggml_context* ctx,
+                         const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map = {},
+                         const std::string prefix                       = "") override {
+            SD_UNUSED(tensor_storage_map);
+            SD_UNUSED(prefix);
+            params["latents_mean"] = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, kLatentChannels);
+            params["latents_std"]  = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, kLatentChannels);
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor* encode(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, ggml_tensor* waveform) {
+            GGML_ASSERT(waveform->ne[1] == 2);
+            auto encoder   = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<AudioEncoder>(blocks["encoder"]);
+            auto pre       = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<AudioAttentionProjection>(blocks["pre_block"]);
+            auto mean_proj = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LTXV::Conv1D>(blocks["mean_proj"]);
+
+            waveform = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx, waveform, waveform->ne[0], 1, waveform->ne[1]);
+            auto x   = encoder->forward(ctx, waveform);  // [B*S, 2048, T]
+            x        = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, 1, 0, 2, 3));
+            x        = pre->forward(ctx, x);
+            x        = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, 1, 0, 2, 3));
+            auto z   = mean_proj->forward(ctx, x);
+
+            auto mean = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx, params["latents_mean"], 1, kLatentChannels, 1, 1);
+            auto std  = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx, params["latents_std"], 1, kLatentChannels, 1, 1);
+            z         = ggml_div(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_sub(ctx->ggml_ctx, z, mean), std);
+            return ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, z, 0, 2, 1, 3));
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor* decode(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, ggml_tensor* latent) {
+            GGML_ASSERT(latent->ne[1] == 2 && latent->ne[2] == kLatentChannels);
+            latent = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx,
+                               ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, latent, 0, 2, 1, 3));
+
+            auto mean = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx,
+                                        params["latents_mean"],
+                                        1,
+                                        kLatentChannels,
+                                        1,
+                                        1);
+            auto std  = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx,
+                                        params["latents_std"],
+                                        1,
+                                        kLatentChannels,
+                                        1,
+                                        1);
+            latent    = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx,
+                                 ggml_mul(ctx->ggml_ctx, latent, std),
+                                 mean);
+
+            auto dec_in           = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LTXV::Conv1D>(blocks["dec_in_proj"]);
+            auto decoder          = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<BigVGAN>(blocks["decoder"]);
+            int64_t streams       = latent->ne[2] * latent->ne[3];
+            latent                = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx,
+                                                    latent,
+                                                    latent->ne[0],
+                                                    latent->ne[1],
+                                                    streams);
+            ggml_tensor* waveform = nullptr;
+            for (int64_t stream = 0; stream < streams; ++stream) {
+                auto stream_latent   = ggml_ext_slice(ctx->ggml_ctx, latent, 2, stream, stream + 1);
+                auto stream_waveform = decoder->forward(ctx, dec_in->forward(ctx, stream_latent));
+                waveform             = waveform == nullptr
+                                           ? stream_waveform
+                                           : ggml_concat(ctx->ggml_ctx, waveform, stream_waveform, 2);
+            }
+            return ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx,
+                                   waveform,
+                                   waveform->ne[0],
+                                   streams,
+                                   1,
+                                   1);
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct AudioVAERunner : public ::AudioVAERunner {
+        AudioVAE model;
+        std::string weight_prefix;
+
+        AudioVAERunner(ggml_backend_t backend,
+                       const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map,
+                       const std::string& prefix                           = "",
+                       std::shared_ptr<RunnerWeightManager> weight_manager = nullptr)
+            : ::AudioVAERunner(backend, weight_manager),
+              weight_prefix(prefix) {
+            model.init(params_ctx, tensor_storage_map, prefix);
+        }
+
+        void get_param_tensors(std::map<std::string, ggml_tensor*>& tensors) override {
+            model.get_param_tensors(tensors, weight_prefix);
+        }
+
+        size_t get_params_mem_size() override {
+            return model.get_params_mem_size();
+        }
+
+        std::string get_desc() override {
+            return "minimax_h3_audio_vae";
+        }
+
+        int output_sample_rate() const override {
+            return 32000;
+        }
+
+        sd::Tensor<float> encode(int n_threads,
+                                 const sd::Tensor<float>& waveform) override {
+            int64_t t0     = ggml_time_ms();
+            auto get_graph = [&]() -> ggml_cgraph* {
+                auto input      = make_input(waveform);
+                auto runner_ctx = get_context();
+                auto latent     = model.encode(&runner_ctx, input);
+                auto graph      = new_graph_custom(655360);
+                ggml_build_forward_expand(graph, latent);
+                return graph;
+            };
+            auto result = restore_trailing_singleton_dims(
+                GGMLRunner::compute<float>(get_graph, n_threads, false, false, false),
+                4);
+            int64_t t1 = ggml_time_ms();
+            LOG_INFO("MiniMax-H3 audio VAE encode completed, taking %.2fs",
+                     (t1 - t0) / 1000.f);
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        sd::Tensor<float> decode(int n_threads,
+                                 const sd::Tensor<float>& latent_tensor) override {
+            int64_t t0     = ggml_time_ms();
+            auto get_graph = [&]() -> ggml_cgraph* {
+                auto latent     = make_input(latent_tensor);
+                auto runner_ctx = get_context();
+                auto waveform   = model.decode(&runner_ctx, latent);
+                auto graph      = new_graph_custom(655360);
+                ggml_build_forward_expand(graph, waveform);
+                return graph;
+            };
+            auto result = restore_trailing_singleton_dims(
+                GGMLRunner::compute<float>(get_graph, n_threads, false, false, false),
+                4);
+            int64_t t1 = ggml_time_ms();
+            LOG_INFO("MiniMax-H3 audio VAE decode completed, taking %.2fs",
+                     (t1 - t0) / 1000.f);
+            return result;
+        }
+    };
+
+}  // namespace MiniMaxH3
+
+#endif  // __SD_MODEL_VAE_MINIMAX_H3_AUDIO_VAE_HPP__

src/model/vae/minimax_h3_vae.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,805 @@
+#ifndef __SD_MODEL_VAE_MINIMAX_H3_VAE_HPP__
+#define __SD_MODEL_VAE_MINIMAX_H3_VAE_HPP__
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "model/common/rope.hpp"
+#include "model/diffusion/dit.hpp"
+#include "model/vae/vae.hpp"
+
+namespace MiniMaxH3VAE {
+
+    constexpr int H3_VIDEO_VAE_GRAPH_SIZE = 262144;
+
+    struct CausalConv3d : public Conv3d {
+        std::tuple<int, int, int> temporal_padding;
+
+        CausalConv3d(int64_t in_channels,
+                     int64_t out_channels,
+                     std::tuple<int, int, int> kernel_size,
+                     std::tuple<int, int, int> stride  = {1, 1, 1},
+                     std::tuple<int, int, int> padding = {0, 0, 0})
+            : Conv3d(in_channels,
+                     out_channels,
+                     kernel_size,
+                     stride,
+                     {0, 0, 0}),
+              temporal_padding(padding) {}
+
+        ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, ggml_tensor* x) override {
+            auto reflect_pad = [&](ggml_tensor* value, int dim, int amount) {
+                for (int i = 0; i < amount; ++i) {
+                    GGML_ASSERT(value->ne[dim] > 1);
+                    auto left  = ggml_ext_slice(ctx->ggml_ctx, value, dim, 1, 2);
+                    auto right = ggml_ext_slice(ctx->ggml_ctx,
+                                                value,
+                                                dim,
+                                                value->ne[dim] - 2,
+                                                value->ne[dim] - 1);
+                    value      = ggml_concat(ctx->ggml_ctx, left, value, dim);
+                    value      = ggml_concat(ctx->ggml_ctx, value, right, dim);
+                }
+                return value;
+            };
+
+            x                = reflect_pad(x, 0, std::get<2>(temporal_padding));
+            x                = reflect_pad(x, 1, std::get<1>(temporal_padding));
+            int temporal_pad = std::get<0>(temporal_padding) * 2;
+            if (temporal_pad > 0) {
+                x = ggml_ext_pad_ext(ctx->ggml_ctx,
+                                     ctx->backend,
+                                     x,
+                                     0,
+                                     0,
+                                     0,
+                                     0,
+                                     temporal_pad,
+                                     0,
+                                     0,
+                                     0);
+            }
+            return Conv3d::forward(ctx, x);
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct TemporalGroupNorm : public GroupNorm {
+        explicit TemporalGroupNorm(int64_t channels)
+            : GroupNorm(32, channels, 1e-6f, true) {}
+
+        ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, ggml_tensor* x) {
+            ggml_tensor* result = nullptr;
+            for (int64_t t = 0; t < x->ne[2]; ++t) {
+                auto frame = ggml_ext_slice(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, 2, t, t + 1);
+                GGML_ASSERT(frame->ne[3] % num_channels == 0);
+                int64_t batch_size = frame->ne[3] / num_channels;
+                frame              = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, frame);
+                frame              = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx,
+                                                     frame,
+                                                     frame->ne[0],
+                                                     frame->ne[1],
+                                                     num_channels,
+                                                     batch_size);
+                frame              = GroupNorm::forward(ctx, frame);
+                frame              = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx,
+                                                     frame,
+                                                     frame->ne[0],
+                                                     frame->ne[1],
+                                                     1,
+                                                     num_channels * batch_size);
+                result             = result == nullptr ? frame : ggml_concat(ctx->ggml_ctx, result, frame, 2);
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct Downsample3D : public GGMLBlock {
+        int spatial_stride;
+
+        Downsample3D(int64_t in_channels,
+                     int64_t out_channels,
+                     int temporal_stride,
+                     int spatial_stride)
+            : spatial_stride(spatial_stride) {
+            blocks["conv"] = std::make_shared<CausalConv3d>(in_channels,
+                                                            out_channels,
+                                                            std::tuple{3, 3, 3},
+                                                            std::tuple{temporal_stride, spatial_stride, spatial_stride},
+                                                            std::tuple{1, 0, 0});
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, ggml_tensor* x) {
+            if (spatial_stride == 2) {
+                GGML_ASSERT(x->ne[0] > 1 && x->ne[1] > 1);
+                auto right  = ggml_ext_slice(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, 0, x->ne[0] - 2, x->ne[0] - 1);
+                x           = ggml_concat(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, right, 0);
+                auto bottom = ggml_ext_slice(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, 1, x->ne[1] - 2, x->ne[1] - 1);
+                x           = ggml_concat(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, bottom, 1);
+            }
+            return std::dynamic_pointer_cast<CausalConv3d>(blocks["conv"])->forward(ctx, x);
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct ResnetBlock3D : public GGMLBlock {
+        int64_t in_channels;
+        int64_t out_channels;
+
+        ResnetBlock3D(int64_t in_channels,
+                      int64_t out_channels)
+            : in_channels(in_channels), out_channels(out_channels) {
+            blocks["norm1"] = std::make_shared<TemporalGroupNorm>(in_channels);
+            blocks["norm2"] = std::make_shared<TemporalGroupNorm>(out_channels);
+            blocks["conv1"] = std::make_shared<CausalConv3d>(in_channels,
+                                                             out_channels,
+                                                             std::tuple{3, 3, 3},
+                                                             std::tuple{1, 1, 1},
+                                                             std::tuple{1, 1, 1});
+            blocks["conv2"] = std::make_shared<CausalConv3d>(out_channels,
+                                                             out_channels,
+                                                             std::tuple{3, 3, 3},
+                                                             std::tuple{1, 1, 1},
+                                                             std::tuple{1, 1, 1});
+            if (in_channels != out_channels) {
+                blocks["nin_shortcut"] = std::make_shared<CausalConv3d>(in_channels,
+                                                                        out_channels,
+                                                                        std::tuple{1, 1, 1});
+            }
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, ggml_tensor* x) {
+            auto norm1 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<TemporalGroupNorm>(blocks["norm1"]);
+            auto norm2 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<TemporalGroupNorm>(blocks["norm2"]);
+            auto conv1 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<CausalConv3d>(blocks["conv1"]);
+            auto conv2 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<CausalConv3d>(blocks["conv2"]);
+            auto h     = conv1->forward(ctx, ggml_silu(ctx->ggml_ctx, norm1->forward(ctx, x)));
+            h          = conv2->forward(ctx, ggml_silu(ctx->ggml_ctx, norm2->forward(ctx, h)));
+            if (in_channels != out_channels) {
+                x = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<CausalConv3d>(blocks["nin_shortcut"])->forward(ctx, x);
+            }
+            return ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, h);
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct Encoder : public GGMLBlock {
+        static constexpr int levels                            = 6;
+        static constexpr std::array<int, levels> multipliers   = {1, 2, 2, 4, 4, 8};
+        static constexpr std::array<int, levels> spatial_down  = {2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1};
+        static constexpr std::array<int, levels> temporal_down = {1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1};
+
+        Encoder() {
+            constexpr int ch  = 128;
+            blocks["conv_in"] = std::make_shared<CausalConv3d>(3,
+                                                               ch,
+                                                               std::tuple{3, 3, 3},
+                                                               std::tuple{1, 1, 1},
+                                                               std::tuple{1, 1, 1});
+            int64_t previous  = ch;
+            for (int level = 0; level < levels; ++level) {
+                int64_t current = ch * multipliers[level];
+                for (int block = 0; block < 2; ++block) {
+                    blocks["down." + std::to_string(level) + ".block." + std::to_string(block)] =
+                        std::make_shared<ResnetBlock3D>(block == 0 ? previous : current,
+                                                        current);
+                }
+                if (spatial_down[level] * temporal_down[level] > 1) {
+                    blocks["down." + std::to_string(level) + ".downsample"] =
+                        std::make_shared<Downsample3D>(current,
+                                                       current,
+                                                       temporal_down[level],
+                                                       spatial_down[level]);
+                }
+                previous = current;
+            }
+            blocks["norm_out"] = std::make_shared<TemporalGroupNorm>(previous);
+            blocks["conv_out"] = std::make_shared<CausalConv3d>(previous,
+                                                                48,
+                                                                std::tuple{3, 3, 3},
+                                                                std::tuple{1, 1, 1},
+                                                                std::tuple{1, 1, 1});
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, ggml_tensor* x) {
+            x = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<CausalConv3d>(blocks["conv_in"])->forward(ctx, x);
+            for (int level = 0; level < levels; ++level) {
+                for (int block = 0; block < 2; ++block) {
+                    x = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<ResnetBlock3D>(
+                            blocks["down." + std::to_string(level) + ".block." + std::to_string(block)])
+                            ->forward(ctx, x);
+                }
+                auto downsample = blocks.find("down." + std::to_string(level) + ".downsample");
+                if (downsample != blocks.end()) {
+                    x = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Downsample3D>(downsample->second)->forward(ctx, x);
+                }
+            }
+            auto norm = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<TemporalGroupNorm>(blocks["norm_out"]);
+            auto conv = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<CausalConv3d>(blocks["conv_out"]);
+            return conv->forward(ctx, ggml_silu(ctx->ggml_ctx, norm->forward(ctx, x)));
+        }
+    };
+
+    static ggml_tensor* attention_layout(ggml_context* ctx, ggml_tensor* x) {
+        x = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_permute(ctx, x, 0, 2, 1, 3));
+        return ggml_reshape_3d(ctx, x, x->ne[0], x->ne[1], x->ne[2] * x->ne[3]);
+    }
+
+    static ggml_tensor* apply_partial_rope(ggml_context* ctx,
+                                           ggml_tensor* x,
+                                           ggml_tensor* pe) {
+        int64_t rot_dim = pe->ne[2] * 2;
+        auto rotated    = Rope::apply_rope(ctx,
+                                           ggml_ext_slice(ctx, x, 0, 0, rot_dim),
+                                           pe,
+                                           false);
+        if (rot_dim == x->ne[0]) {
+            return rotated;
+        }
+        auto tail = attention_layout(ctx,
+                                     ggml_ext_slice(ctx, x, 0, rot_dim, x->ne[0]));
+        return ggml_concat(ctx, rotated, tail, 0);
+    }
+
+    struct DecoderAttention : public GGMLBlock {
+        static constexpr int num_head = 32;
+        static constexpr int head_dim = 64;
+        static constexpr int dim      = num_head * head_dim;
+
+        DecoderAttention() {
+            blocks["to_qkv"] = std::make_shared<Linear>(dim, dim * 3, true);
+            blocks["to_out"] = std::make_shared<Linear>(dim, dim, true);
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
+                             ggml_tensor* x,
+                             ggml_tensor* pe) {
+            auto to_qkv         = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["to_qkv"]);
+            auto to_out         = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["to_out"]);
+            auto qkv_projection = to_qkv->forward(ctx, x);
+            int64_t sequence    = x->ne[1];
+            int64_t batch_size  = x->ne[2] * x->ne[3];
+            qkv_projection      = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx,
+                                                  qkv_projection,
+                                                  3 * head_dim,
+                                                  num_head,
+                                                  sequence,
+                                                  batch_size);
+            auto qkv            = ggml_ext_chunk(ctx->ggml_ctx, qkv_projection, 3, 0);
+            auto q              = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx,
+                                                  qkv[0],
+                                                  head_dim,
+                                                  num_head,
+                                                  sequence,
+                                                  batch_size);
+            auto k              = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx,
+                                                  qkv[1],
+                                                  head_dim,
+                                                  num_head,
+                                                  sequence,
+                                                  batch_size);
+            auto v              = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx,
+                                                  qkv[2],
+                                                  head_dim,
+                                                  num_head,
+                                                  sequence,
+                                                  batch_size);
+            q                   = ggml_rms_norm(ctx->ggml_ctx, q, 1e-5f);
+            k                   = ggml_rms_norm(ctx->ggml_ctx, k, 1e-5f);
+            q                   = apply_partial_rope(ctx->ggml_ctx, q, pe);
+            k                   = apply_partial_rope(ctx->ggml_ctx, k, pe);
+            auto out            = ggml_ext_attention_ext(ctx->ggml_ctx,
+                                                         ctx->backend,
+                                                         q,
+                                                         k,
+                                                         v,
+                                                         num_head,
+                                                         nullptr,
+                                                         true,
+                                                         ctx->flash_attn_enabled);
+            return to_out->forward(ctx, out);
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct DecoderFeedForward : public GGMLBlock {
+        static constexpr int dim       = 2048;
+        static constexpr int kInnerDim = dim * 4;
+
+        DecoderFeedForward() {
+            blocks["w1"] = std::make_shared<Linear>(dim, kInnerDim * 2, true);
+            blocks["w2"] = std::make_shared<Linear>(kInnerDim, dim, true);
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, ggml_tensor* x) {
+            auto w1   = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["w1"]);
+            auto w2   = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["w2"]);
+            auto gate = ggml_ext_chunk(ctx->ggml_ctx, w1->forward(ctx, x), 2, 0);
+            return w2->forward(ctx,
+                               ggml_mul(ctx->ggml_ctx,
+                                        ggml_silu(ctx->ggml_ctx, gate[0]),
+                                        gate[1]));
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct DecoderBlock : public GGMLBlock {
+        static constexpr int dim = 2048;
+
+        DecoderBlock() {
+            blocks["norm1"] = std::make_shared<RMSNorm>(dim, 1e-5f);
+            blocks["attn"]  = std::make_shared<DecoderAttention>();
+            blocks["norm2"] = std::make_shared<RMSNorm>(dim, 1e-5f);
+            blocks["ff"]    = std::make_shared<DecoderFeedForward>();
+        }
+
+        void init_params(ggml_context* ctx,
+                         const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map = {},
+                         const std::string prefix                       = "") override {
+            SD_UNUSED(tensor_storage_map);
+            SD_UNUSED(prefix);
+            params["scale1"] = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, dim);
+            params["scale2"] = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, dim);
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
+                             ggml_tensor* x,
+                             ggml_tensor* pe) {
+            auto norm1 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<RMSNorm>(blocks["norm1"]);
+            auto attn  = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<DecoderAttention>(blocks["attn"]);
+            auto norm2 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<RMSNorm>(blocks["norm2"]);
+            auto ff    = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<DecoderFeedForward>(blocks["ff"]);
+            x          = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx,
+                                  x,
+                                  ggml_mul(ctx->ggml_ctx,
+                                           attn->forward(ctx, norm1->forward(ctx, x), pe),
+                                           params["scale1"]));
+            return ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx,
+                            x,
+                            ggml_mul(ctx->ggml_ctx,
+                                     ff->forward(ctx, norm2->forward(ctx, x)),
+                                     params["scale2"]));
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct Decoder : public GGMLBlock {
+        static constexpr int dim                 = 2048;
+        static constexpr int num_layers          = 36;
+        static constexpr int num_register_tokens = 4;
+        static constexpr int patch_size          = 16;
+        static constexpr int patch_size_t        = 4;
+
+        Decoder() {
+            blocks["x_embedder"] = std::make_shared<Linear>(24, dim, true);
+            for (int i = 0; i < num_layers; ++i) {
+                blocks["transformer_blocks." + std::to_string(i)] =
+                    std::make_shared<DecoderBlock>();
+            }
+            blocks["norm_out"] = std::make_shared<LayerNorm>(dim, 1e-5f, true, true);
+            blocks["proj_out"] = std::make_shared<Linear>(dim,
+                                                          3 * patch_size_t * patch_size * patch_size,
+                                                          true,
+                                                          true);
+        }
+
+        void init_params(ggml_context* ctx,
+                         const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map = {},
+                         const std::string prefix                       = "") override {
+            SD_UNUSED(tensor_storage_map);
+            SD_UNUSED(prefix);
+            params["register_tokens"] = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx,
+                                                           GGML_TYPE_F32,
+                                                           dim,
+                                                           num_register_tokens);
+            params["mask_token"]      = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, dim);
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
+                             ggml_tensor* z,
+                             ggml_tensor* pe) {
+            int64_t width      = z->ne[0];
+            int64_t height     = z->ne[1];
+            int64_t num_frames = z->ne[2];
+            int64_t batch_size = z->ne[3] / 24;
+            GGML_ASSERT(batch_size == 1);
+
+            z                   = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx,
+                                            ggml_ext_torch_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, z, 3, 0, 1, 2));
+            z                   = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx,
+                                                  z,
+                                                  24,
+                                                  width * height * num_frames,
+                                                  batch_size);
+            auto x_embedder     = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["x_embedder"]);
+            auto h              = x_embedder->forward(ctx, z);
+            int64_t num_patches = h->ne[1];
+            h                   = ggml_concat(ctx->ggml_ctx, h, params["register_tokens"], 1);
+            auto zero           = ggml_ext_scale(ctx->ggml_ctx,
+                                                 ggml_ext_slice(ctx->ggml_ctx, h, 1, 0, 1),
+                                                 0.f);
+            h                   = ggml_concat(ctx->ggml_ctx, h, zero, 1);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < num_layers; ++i) {
+                auto block = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<DecoderBlock>(
+                    blocks["transformer_blocks." + std::to_string(i)]);
+                h = block->forward(ctx, h, pe);
+                sd::ggml_graph_cut::mark_graph_cut(h,
+                                                   "minimax_h3_vae.decoder.blocks." + std::to_string(i),
+                                                   "hidden_states");
+            }
+
+            auto norm_out = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LayerNorm>(blocks["norm_out"]);
+            auto proj_out = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["proj_out"]);
+            h             = proj_out->forward(ctx, norm_out->forward(ctx, h));
+            h             = ggml_ext_slice(ctx->ggml_ctx, h, 1, 0, num_patches);
+            return DiT::unpatchify_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx,
+                                      h,
+                                      num_frames,
+                                      height,
+                                      width,
+                                      patch_size_t,
+                                      patch_size,
+                                      patch_size,
+                                      true);
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct MiniMaxH3VideoVAE : public GGMLBlock {
+        MiniMaxH3VideoVAE() {
+            blocks["encoder"]         = std::make_shared<Encoder>();
+            blocks["quant_conv"]      = std::make_shared<Conv3d>(48,
+                                                            48,
+                                                            std::tuple{1, 1, 1});
+            blocks["post_quant_conv"] = std::make_shared<Conv3d>(24,
+                                                                 24,
+                                                                 std::tuple{1, 1, 1});
+            blocks["decoder"]         = std::make_shared<Decoder>();
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor* encode(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
+                            ggml_tensor* pixels,
+                            ggml_tensor* pixel_mean,
+                            ggml_tensor* pixel_std) {
+            pixels       = ggml_div(ctx->ggml_ctx,
+                                    ggml_sub(ctx->ggml_ctx, pixels, pixel_mean),
+                                    pixel_std);
+            auto encoder = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Encoder>(blocks["encoder"]);
+            auto quant   = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Conv3d>(blocks["quant_conv"]);
+            auto moments = quant->forward(ctx, encoder->forward(ctx, pixels));
+            return ggml_ext_slice(ctx->ggml_ctx, moments, 3, 0, 24);
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor* decode(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
+                            ggml_tensor* latent,
+                            ggml_tensor* pe,
+                            ggml_tensor* pixel_mean,
+                            ggml_tensor* pixel_std) {
+            auto post_quant = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Conv3d>(blocks["post_quant_conv"]);
+            auto decoder    = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Decoder>(blocks["decoder"]);
+            auto pixels     = decoder->forward(ctx, post_quant->forward(ctx, latent), pe);
+            pixels          = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx,
+                                       ggml_mul(ctx->ggml_ctx, pixels, pixel_std),
+                                       pixel_mean);
+            return ggml_clamp(ctx->ggml_ctx, pixels, 0.f, 1.f);
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct MiniMaxH3VideoVAERunner : public VAE {
+        MiniMaxH3VideoVAE model;
+        sd::Tensor<float> pixel_mean;
+        sd::Tensor<float> pixel_std;
+        sd::Tensor<float> latents_mean;
+        sd::Tensor<float> latents_std;
+        sd::Tensor<float> rope_cache;
+
+        MiniMaxH3VideoVAERunner(ggml_backend_t backend,
+                                const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map,
+                                const std::string& prefix                           = "first_stage_model",
+                                std::shared_ptr<RunnerWeightManager> weight_manager = nullptr)
+            : VAE(VERSION_MINIMAX_H3, backend, prefix, weight_manager),
+              pixel_mean({1, 1, 1, 3}, {0.485f, 0.456f, 0.406f}),
+              pixel_std({1, 1, 1, 3}, {0.229f, 0.224f, 0.225f}),
+              latents_mean({1, 1, 1, 24},
+                           {0.858090341091156f, -0.960659146308899f, 1.066164016723633f, -0.509032547473907f,
+                            -0.272758185863495f, -1.367541432380676f, -0.255325496196747f, -0.269075542688370f,
+                            -0.537684082984924f, -0.046409729868174f, 0.665737032890320f, 0.196901276707649f,
+                            -0.546060800552368f, -0.403534203767776f, -0.236830249428749f, 0.259284526109695f,
+                            -0.301339447498322f, 0.211341992020607f, -1.120684862136841f, 0.358193337917328f,
+                            -0.042251437902451f, 0.260482996702194f, 0.228640928864479f, 0.705603182315826f}),
+              latents_std({1, 1, 1, 24},
+                          {1.222377419471741f, 1.276726365089417f, 1.683177471160889f, 1.754945516586304f,
+                           1.563621640205383f, 2.194143533706665f, 0.965313792228699f, 1.056988596916199f,
+                           0.841948926448822f, 0.772995293140411f, 1.895593762397766f, 0.946841835975647f,
+                           0.799680948257446f, 0.449889004230499f, 0.719739973545075f, 0.693629324436188f,
+                           2.961095094680786f, 2.769419908523560f, 3.049618482589722f, 2.108805418014527f,
+                           3.276226282119751f, 3.162735700607300f, 2.281681299209595f, 2.612784385681153f}) {
+            scale_input = false;
+            model.init(params_ctx, tensor_storage_map, prefix);
+        }
+
+        std::string get_desc() override {
+            return "minimax_h3_video_vae";
+        }
+
+        int get_encoder_output_channels(int input_channels) override {
+            SD_UNUSED(input_channels);
+            return 24;
+        }
+
+        void get_param_tensors(std::map<std::string, ggml_tensor*>& tensors) override {
+            model.get_param_tensors(tensors, weight_prefix);
+        }
+
+        sd::Tensor<float> vae_output_to_latents(const sd::Tensor<float>& vae_output,
+                                                std::shared_ptr<RNG> rng) override {
+            SD_UNUSED(rng);
+            return vae_output;
+        }
+
+        sd::Tensor<float> diffusion_to_vae_latents(const sd::Tensor<float>& latents) override {
+            return latents * latents_std + latents_mean;
+        }
+
+        sd::Tensor<float> vae_to_diffusion_latents(const sd::Tensor<float>& latents) override {
+            return (latents - latents_mean) / latents_std;
+        }
+
+        static sd::Tensor<float> ensure_video_shape(const sd::Tensor<float>& tensor) {
+            if (tensor.dim() == 5) {
+                return tensor;
+            }
+            GGML_ASSERT(tensor.dim() == 4);
+            return tensor.reshape({tensor.shape()[0],
+                                   tensor.shape()[1],
+                                   1,
+                                   tensor.shape()[2],
+                                   tensor.shape()[3]});
+        }
+
+        static sd_tiling_params_t h3_tiling(sd_tiling_params_t params) {
+            params.enabled        = true;
+            params.tile_size_x    = 16;
+            params.tile_size_y    = 16;
+            params.target_overlap = 0.25f;
+            return params;
+        }
+
+        static sd::Tensor<float> repeat_last_frame(const sd::Tensor<float>& input,
+                                                   int64_t count) {
+            auto result = input;
+            auto last   = sd::ops::slice(input, 2, input.shape()[2] - 1, input.shape()[2]);
+            for (int64_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+                result = sd::ops::concat(result, last, 2);
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        static sd::Tensor<float> blend_temporal(const sd::Tensor<float>& previous,
+                                                const sd::Tensor<float>& current,
+                                                int64_t extent) {
+            auto output            = current;
+            extent                 = std::min({extent, previous.shape()[2], current.shape()[2]});
+            int64_t previous_start = previous.shape()[2] - extent;
+            for (int64_t b = 0; b < current.shape()[4]; ++b) {
+                for (int64_t c = 0; c < current.shape()[3]; ++c) {
+                    for (int64_t t = 0; t < extent; ++t) {
+                        float wb = static_cast<float>(t) / extent;
+                        float wa = 1.f - wb;
+                        for (int64_t h = 0; h < current.shape()[1]; ++h) {
+                            for (int64_t w = 0; w < current.shape()[0]; ++w) {
+                                output.index(w, h, t, c, b) =
+                                    previous.index(w, h, previous_start + t, c, b) * wa +
+                                    current.index(w, h, t, c, b) * wb;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return output;
+        }
+
+        sd::Tensor<float> encode(int n_threads,
+                                 const sd::Tensor<float>& x,
+                                 sd_tiling_params_t tiling_params,
+                                 bool circular_x = false,
+                                 bool circular_y = false) override {
+            auto input  = ensure_video_shape(x);
+            auto tiling = h3_tiling(tiling_params);
+            if (input.shape()[2] == 1) {
+                auto encoded = VAE::encode(n_threads, input, tiling, circular_x, circular_y);
+                if (!encoded.empty() && encoded.shape()[2] > 1) {
+                    encoded = sd::ops::slice(encoded,
+                                             2,
+                                             encoded.shape()[2] - 1,
+                                             encoded.shape()[2]);
+                }
+                return encoded;
+            }
+
+            int64_t pad = (-input.shape()[2]) % 17;
+            if (pad < 0) {
+                pad += 17;
+            }
+            if (pad > 0) {
+                input = repeat_last_frame(input, pad);
+            }
+            sd::Tensor<float> result;
+            for (int64_t start = 0; start < input.shape()[2]; start += 17) {
+                auto chunk   = sd::ops::slice(input, 2, start, start + 17);
+                auto encoded = VAE::encode(n_threads, chunk, tiling, circular_x, circular_y);
+                if (encoded.empty()) {
+                    return {};
+                }
+                result = result.empty() ? std::move(encoded)
+                                        : sd::ops::concat(result, encoded, 2);
+            }
+            if (result.shape()[2] > 3) {
+                result = sd::ops::slice(result, 2, 0, result.shape()[2] - 3);
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        sd::Tensor<float> decode(int n_threads,
+                                 const sd::Tensor<float>& x,
+                                 sd_tiling_params_t tiling_params,
+                                 bool decode_video = false,
+                                 bool circular_x   = false,
+                                 bool circular_y   = false,
+                                 bool silent       = false) override {
+            auto input  = ensure_video_shape(x);
+            auto tiling = h3_tiling(tiling_params);
+            if (input.shape()[2] == 1) {
+                auto decoded = VAE::decode(n_threads,
+                                           input,
+                                           tiling,
+                                           decode_video,
+                                           circular_x,
+                                           circular_y,
+                                           silent);
+                if (!decoded.empty() && decoded.shape()[2] > 1) {
+                    decoded = sd::ops::slice(decoded,
+                                             2,
+                                             decoded.shape()[2] - 1,
+                                             decoded.shape()[2]);
+                }
+                return decoded;
+            }
+
+            constexpr int64_t tokens_per_chunk  = 5;
+            constexpr int64_t token_drop        = 3;
+            constexpr int64_t token_overlap     = 2;
+            constexpr int64_t frames_per_chunk  = 20;
+            constexpr int64_t frame_pre_padding = 3;
+            constexpr int64_t frame_overlap     = 5;
+
+            int64_t pseudo_tokens = input.shape()[2] + token_drop;
+            int64_t pad_tokens    = (tokens_per_chunk - pseudo_tokens % tokens_per_chunk) % tokens_per_chunk;
+            pseudo_tokens += pad_tokens;
+            int64_t num_chunks = pseudo_tokens / tokens_per_chunk - 1;
+            if (num_chunks < 1) {
+                pad_tokens += tokens_per_chunk;
+                num_chunks += 1;
+            }
+            if (pad_tokens > 0) {
+                input = repeat_last_frame(input, pad_tokens);
+            }
+
+            sd::Tensor<float> result;
+            sd::Tensor<float> overlap;
+            for (int64_t i = 0; i < num_chunks; ++i) {
+                int64_t start = i * tokens_per_chunk;
+                int64_t end   = std::min(start + tokens_per_chunk + token_overlap,
+                                         input.shape()[2]);
+                auto chunk    = sd::ops::slice(input, 2, start, end);
+                auto decoded  = VAE::decode(n_threads,
+                                            chunk,
+                                            tiling,
+                                            true,
+                                            circular_x,
+                                            circular_y,
+                                            silent);
+                if (decoded.empty()) {
+                    return {};
+                }
+
+                int64_t first_end = std::min<int64_t>(frames_per_chunk, decoded.shape()[2]);
+                auto first        = sd::ops::slice(decoded,
+                                                   2,
+                                                   std::min<int64_t>(frame_pre_padding, first_end),
+                                                   first_end);
+                if (!overlap.empty()) {
+                    first   = blend_temporal(overlap, first, frame_overlap);
+                    overlap = {};
+                }
+                result = result.empty() ? std::move(first)
+                                        : sd::ops::concat(result, first, 2);
+
+                if (decoded.shape()[2] > frames_per_chunk + frame_pre_padding) {
+                    overlap = sd::ops::slice(decoded,
+                                             2,
+                                             frames_per_chunk + frame_pre_padding,
+                                             decoded.shape()[2]);
+                }
+                if (i == num_chunks - 1 && !overlap.empty()) {
+                    result  = sd::ops::concat(result, overlap, 2);
+                    overlap = {};
+                }
+            }
+
+            int64_t expected_frames = input.shape()[2] <= 1 ? 1 : ((x.shape()[2] - 2) / 5) * 17 + 5;
+            expected_frames         = std::max<int64_t>(1, expected_frames);
+            if (result.shape()[2] > expected_frames) {
+                result = sd::ops::slice(result, 2, 0, expected_frames);
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        sd::Tensor<float> build_rope(int64_t width,
+                                     int64_t height,
+                                     int64_t num_frames) {
+            std::vector<std::vector<float>> ids;
+            ids.reserve(static_cast<size_t>(width * height * num_frames + 5));
+            constexpr float two_pi = 6.28318530717958647692f;
+            for (int64_t t = 0; t < num_frames; ++t) {
+                float pt = (2.f * ((t + 0.5f) / num_frames) - 1.f) * two_pi;
+                for (int64_t h = 0; h < height; ++h) {
+                    float ph = (2.f * ((h + 0.5f) / height) - 1.f) * two_pi;
+                    for (int64_t w = 0; w < width; ++w) {
+                        float pw = (2.f * ((w + 0.5f) / width) - 1.f) * two_pi;
+                        ids.push_back({pt, ph, pw});
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
+                ids.push_back({0.f, 0.f, 0.f});
+            }
+            auto values = Rope::embed_nd(ids,
+                                         1,
+                                         100.f,
+                                         std::vector<int>{16, 16, 16});
+            return sd::Tensor<float>({2,
+                                      2,
+                                      24,
+                                      static_cast<int64_t>(ids.size())},
+                                     std::move(values));
+        }
+
+        sd::Tensor<float> _compute(const int n_threads,
+                                   const sd::Tensor<float>& z,
+                                   bool decode_graph) override {
+            auto input = ensure_video_shape(z);
+            if (decode_graph) {
+                rope_cache = build_rope(input.shape()[0],
+                                        input.shape()[1],
+                                        input.shape()[2]);
+            }
+            auto get_graph = [&]() -> ggml_cgraph* {
+                auto value       = make_input(input);
+                auto mean        = make_input(pixel_mean);
+                auto std         = make_input(pixel_std);
+                auto runner_ctx  = get_context();
+                ggml_tensor* out = nullptr;
+                if (decode_graph) {
+                    auto pe = make_input(rope_cache);
+                    out     = model.decode(&runner_ctx, value, pe, mean, std);
+                } else {
+                    out = model.encode(&runner_ctx, value, mean, std);
+                }
+                auto graph = new_graph_custom(H3_VIDEO_VAE_GRAPH_SIZE);
+                ggml_build_forward_expand(graph, out);
+                return graph;
+            };
+            return restore_trailing_singleton_dims(
+                GGMLRunner::compute<float>(get_graph,
+                                           n_threads,
+                                           false,
+                                           false,
+                                           false),
+                5);
+        }
+    };
+
+}  // namespace MiniMaxH3VAE
+
+#endif  // __SD_MODEL_VAE_MINIMAX_H3_VAE_HPP__

src/model/vae/vae.hpp

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ public:
         int scale_factor = 8;
         if (version == VERSION_LTXAV) {
             scale_factor = 32;
-        } else if (version == VERSION_WAN2_2_TI2V || sd_version_is_hunyuan_video(version) || sd_version_is_mage_flow(version)) {
+        } else if (version == VERSION_WAN2_2_TI2V || sd_version_is_hunyuan_video(version) || sd_version_is_mage_flow(version) || sd_version_is_minimax_h3(version)) {
             scale_factor = 16;
         } else if (sd_version_uses_flux2_vae(version)) {
             scale_factor = 16;
@@ -115,11 +115,11 @@ public:
         tile_size_y = get_tile_size(params.tile_size_y, params.rel_size_y, latent_y);
     }
 
-    sd::Tensor<float> encode(int n_threads,
+    virtual sd::Tensor<float> encode(int n_threads,
-                             const sd::Tensor<float>& x,
+                                     const sd::Tensor<float>& x,
-                             sd_tiling_params_t tiling_params,
+                                     sd_tiling_params_t tiling_params,
-                             bool circular_x = false,
+                                     bool circular_x = false,
-                             bool circular_y = false) {
+                                     bool circular_y = false) {
         int64_t t0              = ggml_time_ms();
         sd::Tensor<float> input = x;
         sd::Tensor<float> output;
@@ -136,7 +136,8 @@ public:
             // Image VAE encode is more sensitive to tile boundary context than decode.
             // Keep the smaller legacy factor for video VAEs, but default image encode
             // tiles to 64 latent pixels so a 512px SD image is encoded as one tile.
-            const float encode_tile_factor = (sd_version_is_wan(version) || sd_version_is_hunyuan_video(version) || sd_version_is_ltxav(version)) ? 1.30539f : 2.0f;
+            const float encode_tile_factor = sd_version_is_minimax_h3(version) ? 1.f : (sd_version_is_wan(version) || sd_version_is_hunyuan_video(version) || sd_version_is_ltxav(version)) ? 1.30539f
+                                                                                                                                                                                            : 2.0f;
             get_tile_sizes(tile_size_x, tile_size_y, tile_overlap, tiling_params, W, H, encode_tile_factor);
             LOG_DEBUG("VAE Tile size: %dx%d", tile_size_x, tile_size_y);
             output = tiled_compute(input,
@@ -166,13 +167,13 @@ public:
         return std::move(output);
     }
 
-    sd::Tensor<float> decode(int n_threads,
+    virtual sd::Tensor<float> decode(int n_threads,
-                             const sd::Tensor<float>& x,
+                                     const sd::Tensor<float>& x,
-                             sd_tiling_params_t tiling_params,
+                                     sd_tiling_params_t tiling_params,
-                             bool decode_video = false,
+                                     bool decode_video = false,
-                             bool circular_x   = false,
+                                     bool circular_x   = false,
-                             bool circular_y   = false,
+                                     bool circular_y   = false,
-                             bool silent       = false) {
+                                     bool silent       = false) {
         int64_t t0              = ggml_time_ms();
         sd::Tensor<float> input = x;
         sd::Tensor<float> output;

src/model_io/pickle_io.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <cstring>
+#include <limits>
 #include <string>
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <utility>
@@ -512,8 +513,51 @@ static bool parse_storage_type(const std::string& global_name, PickleStorageInfo
     return false;
 }
 
-static bool tensor_is_contiguous(const PickleTensorInfo& tensor) {
+static bool checked_pickle_byte_count(int64_t element_count,
-    if (tensor.tensor_storage.nelements() == 0) {
+                                      uint64_t element_nbytes,
+                                      uint64_t* byte_count) {
+    if (element_count < 0 || element_nbytes == 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    uint64_t count = static_cast<uint64_t>(element_count);
+    if (count > std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max() / element_nbytes) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    *byte_count = count * element_nbytes;
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool tensor_layout_is_valid(const PickleTensorInfo& tensor, uint64_t raw_element_nbytes) {
+    if (raw_element_nbytes == 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool has_zero_dimension = false;
+    uint64_t element_count  = 1;
+    for (int i = 0; i < tensor.tensor_storage.n_dims; ++i) {
+        int64_t dimension = tensor.tensor_storage.ne[i];
+        if (dimension < 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (dimension == 0) {
+            has_zero_dimension = true;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        uint64_t size = static_cast<uint64_t>(dimension);
+        if (element_count > static_cast<uint64_t>(std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max()) / size) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        element_count *= size;
+    }
+
+    if (!has_zero_dimension &&
+        element_count > static_cast<uint64_t>(std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max()) / raw_element_nbytes) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (has_zero_dimension) {
         return true;
     }
     if (tensor.stride_n_dims != tensor.tensor_storage.n_dims) {
@@ -932,7 +976,12 @@ bool parse_torch_state_dict_pickle(const uint8_t* buffer,
                 if (storage.key.empty() || !parse_storage_type(pid.items[1].str_value, &storage)) {
                     return false;
                 }
-                storage.nbytes              = (uint64_t)pid.items[4].int_value * storage.raw_element_nbytes;
+                if (!checked_pickle_byte_count(pid.items[4].int_value,
+                                               storage.raw_element_nbytes,
+                                               &storage.nbytes)) {
+                    set_error(error, "invalid storage size in torch pickle");
+                    return false;
+                }
                 storage_nbytes[storage.key] = storage.nbytes;
                 stack.push_back(make_storage_value(storage));
             } break;
@@ -963,7 +1012,12 @@ bool parse_torch_state_dict_pickle(const uint8_t* buffer,
                     tensor.tensor_storage.is_f64      = args.items[0].storage.is_f64;
                     tensor.tensor_storage.is_i64      = args.items[0].storage.is_i64;
                     tensor.tensor_storage.storage_key = args.items[0].storage.key;
-                    tensor.tensor_storage.offset      = (uint64_t)args.items[1].int_value * args.items[0].storage.raw_element_nbytes;
+                    if (!checked_pickle_byte_count(args.items[1].int_value,
+                                                   args.items[0].storage.raw_element_nbytes,
+                                                   &tensor.tensor_storage.offset)) {
+                        set_error(error, "invalid tensor storage offset in torch pickle");
+                        return false;
+                    }
 
                     for (const auto& item : args.items[2].items) {
                         if (item.kind != PickleValue::INT || tensor.tensor_storage.n_dims >= SD_MAX_DIMS) {
@@ -979,7 +1033,8 @@ bool parse_torch_state_dict_pickle(const uint8_t* buffer,
                         tensor.stride[tensor.stride_n_dims++] = item.int_value;
                     }
 
-                    if (!tensor_is_contiguous(tensor)) {
+                    if (!tensor_layout_is_valid(tensor, args.items[0].storage.raw_element_nbytes)) {
+                        set_error(error, "invalid tensor shape or stride in torch pickle");
                         return false;
                     }
                     stack.push_back(make_tensor_value(tensor));

src/model_io/torch_legacy_io.cpp

@@ -139,11 +139,16 @@ bool read_torch_legacy_file(const std::string& file_path,
             if (it == legacy_storage_map.end()) {
                 return false;
             }
-            if (current_offset + LEGACY_STORAGE_HEADER_SIZE + it->second > file_size) {
+            if (current_offset > file_size ||
+                LEGACY_STORAGE_HEADER_SIZE > file_size - current_offset) {
                 return false;
             }
-            storage_offsets[storage_key] = current_offset + LEGACY_STORAGE_HEADER_SIZE;
+            uint64_t storage_offset = current_offset + LEGACY_STORAGE_HEADER_SIZE;
-            current_offset += LEGACY_STORAGE_HEADER_SIZE + it->second;
+            if (it->second > file_size - storage_offset) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            storage_offsets[storage_key] = storage_offset;
+            current_offset               = storage_offset + it->second;
         }
 
         for (auto& tensor_storage : tensor_storages) {
@@ -159,8 +164,10 @@ bool read_torch_legacy_file(const std::string& file_path,
 
             uint64_t base_offset    = it_offset->second;
             uint64_t storage_nbytes = it_size->second;
-            uint64_t tensor_nbytes  = tensor_storage.nbytes_to_read();
+            int64_t tensor_nbytes   = tensor_storage.nbytes_to_read();
-            if (tensor_storage.offset + tensor_nbytes > storage_nbytes) {
+            if (tensor_nbytes < 0 ||
+                tensor_storage.offset > storage_nbytes ||
+                static_cast<uint64_t>(tensor_nbytes) > storage_nbytes - tensor_storage.offset) {
                 return false;
             }
 

src/model_io/torch_zip_io.cpp

@@ -76,8 +76,10 @@ static bool parse_zip_data_pkl(const uint8_t* buffer,
             return false;
         }
 
-        uint64_t tensor_nbytes = tensor_storage.nbytes_to_read();
+        int64_t tensor_nbytes = tensor_storage.nbytes_to_read();
-        if (tensor_storage.offset + tensor_nbytes > entry_size) {
+        if (tensor_nbytes < 0 ||
+            tensor_storage.offset > entry_size ||
+            static_cast<uint64_t>(tensor_nbytes) > entry_size - tensor_storage.offset) {
             set_error(error, "tensor '" + tensor_storage.name + "' exceeds storage entry '" + entry_name + "'");
             return false;
         }

src/model_loader.cpp

@@ -537,6 +537,10 @@ SDVersion ModelLoader::get_sd_version() {
         if (tensor_storage.name.find("model.diffusion_model.adaln_single.emb.timestep_embedder.linear_1.bias") != std::string::npos) {
             return VERSION_LTXAV;
         }
+        if (tensor_storage.name.find("model.diffusion_model.video_patch_proj.weight") != std::string::npos &&
+            tensor_storage_map.find("model.diffusion_model.audio_patch_proj.weight") != tensor_storage_map.end()) {
+            return VERSION_MINIMAX_H3;
+        }
         if (tensor_storage.name.find("model.diffusion_model.blocks.0.cross_attn.norm_k.weight") != std::string::npos) {
             is_wan = true;
         }
@@ -1053,7 +1057,7 @@ bool ModelLoader::load_tensors(on_new_tensor_cb_t on_new_tensor_cb,
         std::atomic<size_t> tensor_idx(0);
         std::atomic<bool> failed(false);
         std::vector<std::thread> workers;
-        std::mutex rpc_backend_mutex;
+        std::mutex backend_tensor_set_mutex;
 
         for (int i = 0; i < n_threads; ++i) {
             workers.emplace_back([&, file_path, is_zip]() {
@@ -1077,6 +1081,7 @@ bool ModelLoader::load_tensors(on_new_tensor_cb_t on_new_tensor_cb,
 
                 std::vector<uint8_t> read_buffer;
                 std::vector<uint8_t> convert_buffer;
+                std::vector<uint8_t> zip_entry_buffer;
 
                 while (true) {
                     int64_t t0, t1;
@@ -1115,34 +1120,60 @@ bool ModelLoader::load_tensors(on_new_tensor_cb_t on_new_tensor_cb,
 
                     size_t nbytes_to_read = tensor_storage.nbytes_to_read();
 
-                    auto read_data = [&](char* buf, size_t n) {
+                    auto read_data = [&](char* buf, size_t n) -> bool {
                         if (zip != nullptr) {
-                            zip_entry_openbyindex(zip, tensor_storage.index_in_zip);
+                            if (zip_entry_openbyindex(zip, tensor_storage.index_in_zip) != 0) {
+                                LOG_ERROR("failed to open zip entry for tensor '%s'", tensor_storage.name.c_str());
+                                return false;
+                            }
                             size_t entry_size = zip_entry_size(zip);
+                            if (tensor_storage.offset > entry_size) {
+                                LOG_ERROR("tensor '%s' exceeds its zip storage entry", tensor_storage.name.c_str());
+                                zip_entry_close(zip);
+                                return false;
+                            }
+                            size_t tensor_offset = static_cast<size_t>(tensor_storage.offset);
+                            if (n > entry_size - tensor_offset) {
+                                LOG_ERROR("tensor '%s' exceeds its zip storage entry", tensor_storage.name.c_str());
+                                zip_entry_close(zip);
+                                return false;
+                            }
+
                             if (entry_size != n) {
                                 int64_t t_memcpy_start;
-                                read_buffer.resize(entry_size);
+                                zip_entry_buffer.resize(entry_size);
-                                zip_entry_noallocread(zip, (void*)read_buffer.data(), entry_size);
+                                auto bytes_read = zip_entry_noallocread(zip, (void*)zip_entry_buffer.data(), entry_size);
+                                if (bytes_read < 0 || static_cast<size_t>(bytes_read) != entry_size) {
+                                    LOG_ERROR("failed to read zip entry for tensor '%s'", tensor_storage.name.c_str());
+                                    zip_entry_close(zip);
+                                    return false;
+                                }
                                 t_memcpy_start = ggml_time_ms();
-                                memcpy((void*)buf, (void*)(read_buffer.data() + tensor_storage.offset), n);
+                                memcpy((void*)buf, (void*)(zip_entry_buffer.data() + tensor_offset), n);
                                 memcpy_time_ms.fetch_add(ggml_time_ms() - t_memcpy_start);
                             } else {
-                                zip_entry_noallocread(zip, (void*)buf, n);
+                                auto bytes_read = zip_entry_noallocread(zip, (void*)buf, n);
+                                if (bytes_read < 0 || static_cast<size_t>(bytes_read) != n) {
+                                    LOG_ERROR("failed to read zip entry for tensor '%s'", tensor_storage.name.c_str());
+                                    zip_entry_close(zip);
+                                    return false;
+                                }
                             }
                             zip_entry_close(zip);
                         } else if (mmapped) {
                             if (!mmapped->copy_data(buf, n, tensor_storage.offset)) {
                                 LOG_ERROR("read tensor data failed: '%s'", file_path.c_str());
-                                failed = true;
+                                return false;
                             }
                         } else {
                             file.seekg(tensor_storage.offset);
                             file.read(buf, n);
                             if (!file) {
                                 LOG_ERROR("read tensor data failed: '%s'", file_path.c_str());
-                                failed = true;
+                                return false;
                             }
                         }
+                        return true;
                     };
 
                     char* read_buf    = nullptr;
@@ -1176,7 +1207,10 @@ bool ModelLoader::load_tensors(on_new_tensor_cb_t on_new_tensor_cb,
                     }
 
                     t0 = ggml_time_ms();
-                    read_data(read_buf, nbytes_to_read);
+                    if (!read_data(read_buf, nbytes_to_read)) {
+                        failed = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
                     t1 = ggml_time_ms();
                     read_time_ms.fetch_add(t1 - t0);
 
@@ -1214,17 +1248,8 @@ bool ModelLoader::load_tensors(on_new_tensor_cb_t on_new_tensor_cb,
                     if (dst_tensor->buffer != nullptr && !ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(dst_tensor->buffer)) {
                         t0 = ggml_time_ms();
 
-                        // RPC backends require serialized access to prevent concurrency issues
+                        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(backend_tensor_set_mutex);
-                        const char* buffer_type_name = ggml_backend_buft_name(ggml_backend_buffer_get_type(dst_tensor->buffer));
+                        ggml_backend_tensor_set(dst_tensor, convert_buf, 0, ggml_nbytes(dst_tensor));
-                        bool is_rpc_buffer           = buffer_type_name != nullptr &&
-                                             std::string(buffer_type_name).find("RPC") != std::string::npos;
-
-                        if (is_rpc_buffer) {
-                            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(rpc_backend_mutex);
-                            ggml_backend_tensor_set(dst_tensor, convert_buf, 0, ggml_nbytes(dst_tensor));
-                        } else {
-                            ggml_backend_tensor_set(dst_tensor, convert_buf, 0, ggml_nbytes(dst_tensor));
-                        }
 
                         t1 = ggml_time_ms();
                         copy_to_backend_time_ms.fetch_add(t1 - t0);

src/model_manager.cpp

@@ -53,6 +53,48 @@ static bool backend_supports_host_buffer(ggml_backend_t backend) {
     return props.caps.buffer_from_host_ptr;
 }
 
+static bool device_supports_param_op(ggml_backend_dev_t device,
+                                     ggml_tensor* weight,
+                                     enum ggml_op op,
+                                     ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    if (op == GGML_OP_NONE) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (device == nullptr || weight == nullptr || buft == nullptr || weight->buffer != nullptr) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    ggml_init_params params;
+    params.mem_size   = ggml_tensor_overhead() * 2;
+    params.mem_buffer = nullptr;
+    params.no_alloc   = true;
+    ggml_context* ctx = ggml_init(params);
+    if (ctx == nullptr) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    ggml_tensor* op_tensor = nullptr;
+    if (op == GGML_OP_GET_ROWS) {
+        ggml_tensor* indices = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_I32, 1);
+        op_tensor            = ggml_get_rows(ctx, weight, indices);
+    }
+    if (op_tensor == nullptr) {
+        ggml_free(ctx);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    weight->buffer = ggml_backend_buft_alloc_buffer(buft, 0);
+    if (weight->buffer == nullptr) {
+        ggml_free(ctx);
+        return false;
+    }
+    bool supported = ggml_backend_dev_supports_op(device, op_tensor);
+    ggml_backend_buffer_free(weight->buffer);
+    weight->buffer = nullptr;
+    ggml_free(ctx);
+    return supported;
+}
+
 ModelManager::~ModelManager() {
     release_all();
 }
@@ -135,7 +177,8 @@ bool ModelManager::register_param_tensors(const std::string& desc,
                                           ggml_backend_t params_backend,
                                           size_t* registered_tensor_size,
                                           bool allow_split_buffer,
-                                          bool params_follow_compute_backend) {
+                                          bool params_follow_compute_backend,
+                                          const std::map<ggml_tensor*, enum ggml_op>* tensor_ops) {
     if (desc.empty()) {
         LOG_ERROR("model manager tensor desc is empty");
         return false;
@@ -168,6 +211,12 @@ bool ModelManager::register_param_tensors(const std::string& desc,
         state->params_backend                = params_backend;
         state->allow_split_buffer            = allow_split_buffer;
         state->params_follow_compute_backend = params_follow_compute_backend;
+        if (tensor_ops != nullptr) {
+            auto op_it = tensor_ops->find(tensor);
+            if (op_it != tensor_ops->end()) {
+                state->usage_op = op_it->second;
+            }
+        }
         new_states.push_back(std::move(state));
     }
 
@@ -844,6 +893,22 @@ ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ModelManager::params_buffer_type_for(const TensorStat
     if (params_buft == nullptr) {
         params_buft = ggml_backend_get_default_buffer_type(state.params_backend);
     }
+    if (state.usage_op != GGML_OP_NONE &&
+        state.compute_backend != nullptr) {
+        ggml_backend_dev_t compute_dev = ggml_backend_get_device(state.compute_backend);
+        if (device_supports_param_op(compute_dev, state.tensor, state.usage_op, params_buft)) {
+            return params_buft;
+        }
+
+        ggml_backend_dev_t cpu_dev = ggml_backend_dev_by_type(GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_CPU);
+        params_buft                = cpu_dev != nullptr ? ggml_backend_dev_buffer_type(cpu_dev) : nullptr;
+        if (!device_supports_param_op(cpu_dev, state.tensor, state.usage_op, params_buft)) {
+            LOG_ERROR("model manager has no compatible buffer for tensor '%s' used by %s",
+                      state.name.c_str(),
+                      ggml_op_name(state.usage_op));
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+    }
     return params_buft;
 }
 

src/model_manager.h

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ private:
         bool allow_split_buffer            = false;
         bool params_follow_compute_backend = false;
         bool metadata_validated            = false;
+        enum ggml_op usage_op              = GGML_OP_NONE;
 
         int active_prepare_count = 0;
 
@@ -130,9 +131,10 @@ public:
                                 ResidencyMode residency_mode,
                                 ggml_backend_t compute_backend,
                                 ggml_backend_t params_backend,
-                                size_t* registered_tensor_size     = nullptr,
+                                size_t* registered_tensor_size                         = nullptr,
-                                bool allow_split_buffer            = false,
+                                bool allow_split_buffer                                = false,
-                                bool params_follow_compute_backend = false);
+                                bool params_follow_compute_backend                     = false,
+                                const std::map<ggml_tensor*, enum ggml_op>* tensor_ops = nullptr);
 
     bool unregister_param_tensors(const std::string& desc,
                                   size_t* registered_tensor_size = nullptr);

src/name_conversion.cpp

@@ -185,6 +185,20 @@ std::string convert_cond_stage_model_name(std::string name, std::string prefix)
 }
 
 std::string convert_qwen3_vl_vision_name(std::string name) {
+    static const std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> qwen3_vl_deepstack_name_map{
+        {"v.deepstack_merger_list.", "deepstack_merger_list."},
+        {"v.deepstack.5.", "deepstack_merger_list.0."},
+        {"v.deepstack.8.", "deepstack_merger_list.0."},
+        {"v.deepstack.11.", "deepstack_merger_list.1."},
+        {"v.deepstack.16.", "deepstack_merger_list.1."},
+        {"v.deepstack.17.", "deepstack_merger_list.2."},
+        {"v.deepstack.24.", "deepstack_merger_list.2."},
+        {"fc1.", "linear_fc1."},
+        {"fc2.", "linear_fc2."},
+        {"ffn_up.", "linear_fc1."},
+        {"ffn_down.", "linear_fc2."},
+        {"ffn_norm.", "norm."},
+    };
     static const std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> qwen3_vl_vision_name_map{
         {"mm.0.", "merger.linear_fc1."},
         {"mm.2.", "merger.linear_fc2."},
@@ -201,6 +215,10 @@ std::string convert_qwen3_vl_vision_name(std::string name) {
         {"ln1.", "norm1."},
         {"ln2.", "norm2."},
     };
+    if (contains(name, "v.deepstack_merger_list.") || contains(name, "v.deepstack.")) {
+        replace_with_name_map(name, qwen3_vl_deepstack_name_map);
+        return name;
+    }
     replace_with_name_map(name, qwen3_vl_vision_name_map);
     return name;
 }
@@ -1048,7 +1066,7 @@ std::string convert_diffusers_to_original_wan_vae(std::string name) {
 }
 
 std::string convert_first_stage_model_name(std::string name, std::string prefix, SDVersion version) {
-    if (sd_version_is_hunyuan_video(version) || sd_version_is_mage_flow(version)) {
+    if (sd_version_is_hunyuan_video(version) || sd_version_is_mage_flow(version) || sd_version_is_minimax_h3(version)) {
         return name;
     }
     if (sd_version_uses_wan_vae(version)) {
@@ -1384,6 +1402,8 @@ std::string convert_tensor_name(std::string name, SDVersion version) {
             {".lora_B.weight", ".weight.lora_up"},
             {".lora_A.default.weight", ".weight.lora_down"},
             {".lora_B.default.weight", ".weight.lora_up"},
+            {".lora_A", ".weight.lora_down"},
+            {".lora_B", ".weight.lora_up"},
             {".lora_linear", ".weight.alpha"},
             {".alpha", ".weight.alpha"},
             {".scale", ".weight.scale"},
@@ -1449,15 +1469,24 @@ std::string convert_tensor_name(std::string name, SDVersion version) {
         {"te2.", "cond_stage_model.1.transformer."},
         {"te1.", "cond_stage_model.transformer."},
         {"te3.", "text_encoders.t5xxl.transformer."},
+        {"clip_vision.", "cond_stage_model.transformer."},
     };
 
     if (sd_version_is_flux(version)) {
         prefix_map["te1."] = "text_encoders.clip_l.transformer.";
     }
 
+    if (sd_version_is_unet(version)) {
+        prefix_map["clip_l."] = "cond_stage_model.transformer.";
+        prefix_map["clip_g."] = "cond_stage_model.1.transformer.";
+    } else {
+        prefix_map["clip_l."] = "text_encoders.clip_l.transformer.";
+        prefix_map["clip_g."] = "text_encoders.clip_g.transformer.";
+    }
+
     replace_with_prefix_map(name, prefix_map);
 
-    if (sd_version_is_boogu_image(version) || sd_version_is_krea2(version) || sd_version_is_mage_flow(version)) {
+    if (sd_version_is_boogu_image(version) || sd_version_is_krea2(version) || sd_version_is_mage_flow(version) || sd_version_is_minimax_h3(version)) {
         const std::string hf_vision_prefix = "text_encoders.llm.model.visual.";
         if (starts_with(name, hf_vision_prefix)) {
             name = "text_encoders.llm.visual." + name.substr(hf_vision_prefix.size());

src/runtime/denoiser.hpp

@@ -306,8 +306,33 @@ struct KarrasScheduler : SigmaScheduler {
 };
 
 struct BetaScheduler : SigmaScheduler {
-    static constexpr double alpha = 0.6;
+    double alpha = 0.6;
-    static constexpr double beta  = 0.6;
+    double beta  = 0.6;
+
+    explicit BetaScheduler(const char* extra_sample_args = nullptr) {
+        parse_extra_sample_args(extra_sample_args);
+        LOG_DEBUG("Beta scheduler: alpha=%.4f, beta=%.4f", alpha, beta);
+    }
+
+    void parse_extra_sample_args(const char* extra_sample_args) {
+        for (const auto& [key, value] : parse_key_value_args(extra_sample_args, "beta scheduler arg")) {
+            if (key == "alpha") {
+                float parsed;
+                if (!parse_strict_float(value, parsed) || parsed <= 0.0) {
+                    LOG_WARN("ignoring invalid beta scheduler arg '%s=%s'", key.c_str(), value.c_str());
+                } else {
+                    alpha = static_cast<double>(parsed);
+                }
+            } else if (key == "beta") {
+                float parsed;
+                if (!parse_strict_float(value, parsed) || parsed <= 0.0) {
+                    LOG_WARN("ignoring invalid beta scheduler arg '%s=%s'", key.c_str(), value.c_str());
+                } else {
+                    beta = static_cast<double>(parsed);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
     static double log_beta(double a, double b) {
         return std::lgamma(a) + std::lgamma(b) - std::lgamma(a + b);
@@ -1032,7 +1057,7 @@ struct Denoiser {
                 break;
             case BETA_SCHEDULER:
                 LOG_INFO("get_sigmas with Beta scheduler");
-                scheduler = std::make_shared<BetaScheduler>();
+                scheduler = std::make_shared<BetaScheduler>(extra_sample_args);
                 break;
             case EXPONENTIAL_SCHEDULER:
                 LOG_INFO("get_sigmas exponential scheduler");
@@ -2553,6 +2578,88 @@ static sd::Tensor<float> sample_tcd(denoise_cb_t model,
     return x;
 }
 
+static sd::Tensor<float> sample_lms(denoise_cb_t model,
+                                    sd::Tensor<float> x,
+                                    const std::vector<float>& sigmas,
+                                    const SamplerExtraArgs& extra_sample_args) {
+    // Linear Multi-Step from https://github.com/crowsonkb/k-diffusion
+
+    int divisions = 1000;
+    for (const auto& [key, value] : extra_sample_args) {
+        int parsed = 0;
+        if (key == "lms_divisions") {
+            if (!parse_strict_int(value, parsed)) {
+                LOG_WARN("ignoring invalid lms extra sample arg '%s=%s'", key.c_str(), value.c_str());
+                continue;
+            }
+            divisions = parsed;  // std::max(1, parsed);
+            // values above 35M produce noise, can be fixed by double precision
+            // values < 1 always produce noise
+        }
+    }
+    LOG_DEBUG("linear multi-step sampler: integrating using %i division%s", divisions, (divisions == 1) ? "" : "s");
+
+    auto linear_multistep_coeff = [=](const int order, const int m, const int j) -> float {
+        if (!divisions)
+            return sigmas[m + 1] - sigmas[m];  // delta / 0 * 0
+#define LMS_PRECISION float                    // double
+        const LMS_PRECISION a = sigmas[m], dx = (sigmas[m + 1] - a) / divisions, s = sigmas[m - j];
+        const LMS_PRECISION b0 = a + 0.5f * dx;  // using Riemann middle integral
+        LMS_PRECISION sum      = 0.0f;
+        for (int h = 0; h < divisions; h++) {
+            const LMS_PRECISION b = h * dx + b0;
+            LMS_PRECISION prod    = 1.0f;
+            for (int k = 0; k < j; k++) {
+                const LMS_PRECISION t = sigmas[m - k];
+                prod *= (b - t) / (s - t);
+            }
+            for (int k = j + 1; k < order; k++) {
+                const LMS_PRECISION t = sigmas[m - k];
+                prod *= (b - t) / (s - t);
+            }
+            sum += prod;
+        }
+        return sum * dx;
+    };
+
+    const int max_order = 4;
+    float lms_coeff[max_order];
+    std::vector<sd::Tensor<float>> hist = {};
+
+    int steps = static_cast<int>(sigmas.size()) - 1;
+    for (int i = 0; i < steps; i++) {
+        const float sigma = sigmas[i];
+
+        auto denoised_opt = model(x, sigma, i + 1);
+        if (denoised_opt.pred.empty()) {
+            return {};
+        }
+        sd::Tensor<float> denoised = std::move(denoised_opt.pred);
+
+        const int order = std::min(max_order, i + 1);
+        for (int c = 0; c < order; c++)  // computing coefficients
+            lms_coeff[c] = linear_multistep_coeff(order, i, c);
+
+        sd::Tensor<float> d_cur = (x - denoised) / sigma;
+        switch (order) {
+            case 4:  // derivative + 3 history points
+                x += hist[hist.size() - 2] * lms_coeff[3];
+            case 3:
+                x += hist[hist.size() - 1] * lms_coeff[2];
+            case 2:
+                x += hist.back() * lms_coeff[1];
+            case 1:
+                x += d_cur * lms_coeff[0];
+        }
+
+        if (hist.size() == static_cast<size_t>(max_order - 1)) {
+            hist.erase(hist.begin());
+        }
+        hist.push_back(std::move(d_cur));
+    }
+    return x;
+}
+
 static sd::Tensor<float> sample_euler_cfg_pp(denoise_cb_t model,
                                              sd::Tensor<float> x,
                                              const std::vector<float>& sigmas) {
@@ -2714,6 +2821,8 @@ static sd::Tensor<float> sample_k_diffusion(sample_method_t method,
             return sample_euler_ancestral(model, std::move(x), sigmas, rng, is_flow_denoiser, eta);
         case TCD_SAMPLE_METHOD:
             return sample_tcd(model, std::move(x), sigmas, rng, eta);
+        case LMS_SAMPLE_METHOD:
+            return sample_lms(model, std::move(x), sigmas, extra_args);
         case EULER_CFG_PP_SAMPLE_METHOD:
             return sample_euler_cfg_pp(model, std::move(x), sigmas);
         case EULER_A_CFG_PP_SAMPLE_METHOD:

src/runtime/latent-preview.h

@@ -4,6 +4,33 @@
 #include "core/tensor.hpp"
 #include "ggml.h"
 
+const float minimax_latent_rgb_proj[24][3] = {
+    {0.19819857f, 0.11584999f, 0.07929777f},
+    {-0.16047224f, -0.10601170f, -0.15996324f},
+    {0.47391951f, 0.37602475f, 0.20267826f},
+    {-0.09857441f, -0.27435449f, -0.51681751f},
+    {-0.18930605f, -0.10512278f, -0.28571478f},
+    {-0.15639569f, -0.18000929f, -0.25432852f},
+    {-0.07176921f, -0.10901598f, -0.06654253f},
+    {-0.05014077f, -0.05839826f, -0.05516087f},
+    {-0.05201424f, -0.04351913f, -0.01507579f},
+    {0.24750438f, 0.13307422f, 0.17684120f},
+    {0.07377446f, 0.10235858f, 0.11707827f},
+    {0.02908304f, 0.06587022f, 0.10643690f},
+    {-0.00670531f, -0.03857879f, 0.01750151f},
+    {-0.07119107f, -0.03083323f, -0.01995450f},
+    {-0.08612627f, -0.07253841f, -0.01442890f},
+    {0.08793202f, 0.08681750f, 0.02994647f},
+    {0.00876893f, 0.02721868f, 0.00091178f},
+    {-0.03484412f, -0.02711262f, -0.00110101f},
+    {-0.00679772f, -0.01844275f, -0.01683359f},
+    {0.04287028f, 0.01601068f, 0.04037397f},
+    {-0.00493432f, -0.00230528f, 0.00353911f},
+    {0.01495088f, 0.00292306f, 0.00416671f},
+    {0.00495307f, 0.05066542f, 0.05210543f},
+    {-0.02154842f, -0.01518524f, 0.00442402f}};
+float minimax_latent_rgb_bias[3] = {0.07776964f, -0.01580954f, -0.06561434f};
+
 const float ltxav_latent_rgb_proj[128][3] = {
     {-0.0293802f, -0.0362516f, -0.0291386f},
     {0.0117735f, 0.0223435f, 0.018856f},

src/tokenizers/bpe_tokenizer.cpp

@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ std::vector<int> BPETokenizer::encode(const std::string& text, on_new_token_cb_t
         ss << "\"" << token << "\", ";
     }
     ss << "]";
-    LOG_DEBUG("split prompt \"%s\" to tokens %s", text.c_str(), ss.str().c_str());
+    LOG_DEBUG("split prompt \"%s\" to %zu tokens %s", text.c_str(), bpe_tokens.size(), ss.str().c_str());
     return bpe_tokens;
 }