From 991f82558366b35e16ffabf376fa2cba298c12d3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leejet <leejet714@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Nov 2026 22:33:43 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] fix: limit default MSVC compilation parallelism

---
 CMakeLists.txt | 19 +++++++++++++++++--
 docs/build.md  | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 3e210379..14901f8f 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -9,13 +9,28 @@ if (NOT XCODE AND NOT MSVC AND NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
 endif()
 
 if (MSVC)
+    cmake_host_system_information(RESULT SD_LOGICAL_CORES QUERY NUMBER_OF_LOGICAL_CORES)
+    if (SD_LOGICAL_CORES GREATER 8)
+        math(EXPR SD_DEFAULT_MSVC_MP_COUNT "${SD_LOGICAL_CORES} - 2")
+    elseif (SD_LOGICAL_CORES GREATER 2)
+        math(EXPR SD_DEFAULT_MSVC_MP_COUNT "${SD_LOGICAL_CORES} - 1")
+    else()
+        set(SD_DEFAULT_MSVC_MP_COUNT "${SD_LOGICAL_CORES}")
+    endif()
+    if (NOT SD_DEFAULT_MSVC_MP_COUNT GREATER 0)
+        set(SD_DEFAULT_MSVC_MP_COUNT 1)
+    endif()
+    set(SD_MSVC_MP_COUNT "${SD_DEFAULT_MSVC_MP_COUNT}" CACHE STRING "Maximum parallel MSVC compilations per project")
+    if (NOT SD_MSVC_MP_COUNT MATCHES "^[1-9][0-9]*$" OR SD_MSVC_MP_COUNT GREATER 65536)
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "SD_MSVC_MP_COUNT must be an integer between 1 and 65536")
+    endif()
     add_compile_definitions(_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS)
     add_compile_definitions(_SILENCE_CXX17_CODECVT_HEADER_DEPRECATION_WARNING)
     # /MP is MSVC-only: icx rejects it outright once offloading is enabled.
     add_compile_options(
-        $<$<AND:$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:C>,$<C_COMPILER_ID:MSVC>>:/MP>
+        $<$<AND:$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:C>,$<C_COMPILER_ID:MSVC>>:/MP${SD_MSVC_MP_COUNT}>
         $<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:C>:/utf-8>
-        $<$<AND:$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>,$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:MSVC>>:/MP>
+        $<$<AND:$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>,$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:MSVC>>:/MP${SD_MSVC_MP_COUNT}>
         $<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>:/utf-8>
     )
 endif()
diff --git a/docs/build.md b/docs/build.md
index 62966ec6..575436a2 100644
--- a/docs/build.md
+++ b/docs/build.md
@@ -21,6 +21,25 @@ git pull origin master
 git submodule update --init --recursive
 ```
 
+## MSVC compilation parallelism
+
+MSVC builds limit parallel C/C++ compilation within each project by default.
+For `n` logical processors, the limit is `n` when `n <= 2`, `n - 1` when
+`3 <= n <= 8`, and `n - 2` when `n > 8`. The default is calculated when the
+build directory is first configured with this setting. Override it with
+`-DSD_MSVC_MP_COUNT=4`, or pass `-USD_MSVC_MP_COUNT` to recalculate it.
+
+For Visual Studio builds, keep project-level parallelism at one to avoid
+multiplying the per-project limit:
+
+```shell
+cmake --build build --config Release --parallel 1
+```
+
+This setting controls MSVC's `/MP` option, not CUDA compiler parallelism or a
+hard CPU usage limit. Other build tools, such as Ninja, schedule compilation
+jobs separately; use `cmake --build build --parallel N` to limit those jobs.
+
 ## Selecting a GGML source tree
 
 By default, sd.cpp builds the patched GGML submodule in `ggml/`. To build with