refactor: move Vulkan RoPE kernels into extensions

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -366,6 +366,10 @@ if (SD_CUDA)
         set_property(SOURCE src/core/ggml_extensions.cpp APPEND PROPERTY COMPILE_DEFINITIONS SD_CUDA_EXTENSIONS)
     endif()
 endif()
+if (SD_VULKAN AND NOT SD_USE_UPSTREAM_GGML)
+    add_subdirectory(src/core/vulkan)
+    set_property(SOURCE src/core/ggml_extensions.cpp APPEND PROPERTY COMPILE_DEFINITIONS SD_VULKAN_EXTENSIONS)
+endif()
 if (SD_HIPBLAS)
     find_package(hip REQUIRED CONFIG HINTS "$ENV{ROCM_PATH}" /opt/rocm)
     target_link_libraries(${SD_LIB} PRIVATE hip::host)

cmake/embed_spirv.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+file(READ "${INPUT}" SPIRV HEX)
+string(REGEX REPLACE "(..)(..)(..)(..)" "0x\\4\\3\\2\\1," SPIRV_WORDS "${SPIRV}")
+file(WRITE "${OUTPUT}" "#include <cstdint>\nnamespace sd_vulkan_shaders {\nstatic const uint32_t ${NAME}[] = {${SPIRV_WORDS}};\n}\n")

docs/ggml_extensions.md

@@ -313,7 +313,64 @@ CUDA VMM so native scratch addresses remain valid for the backend lifetime;
 legacy scratch pools retain the existing fragment path. HIP and MUSA do not yet
 provide this plan executor. sd.cpp's CUDA registrations opt in to reusable replay.
 
-Remaining CUDA fusion rules and Vulkan INT8/ConvRot implementations still need
+## Vulkan execution services
-to be externalized. Vulkan execution services and kernels also remain pending.
+
+`ggml-ext-vulkan.h` exposes `ggml_ext_vulkan_v1` through the Vulkan backend
+registry. The versioned function table reports device limits and subgroup
+capabilities, resolves tensor/workspace byte ranges, dispatches application
+SPIR-V, and copies nonoverlapping buffer ranges. Extensions do not include
+private ggml Vulkan headers or own backend command buffers and descriptors.
+
+Shaders use the `main` entry point, consecutive storage-buffer bindings starting
+at zero, and consecutive 32-bit specialization constants. Dispatch accepts actual
+workgroup counts. The backend validates ranges and dispatch limits, caches the
+complete shader/configuration per device, and releases pipelines with that
+device. Push constants and specialization values are copied; the backend does
+not retain application execution state. Pipeline creation occurs on execution,
+never during host-only plan preparation.
+
+Bindings identify either a tensor or a backend buffer, with a byte offset and
+optional byte count. `buffer_info` returns an opaque storage identity and byte
+range for alias checks. Vulkan descriptor offsets are rounded down to the
+device's required alignment; shaders must add the returned `shader_offset`.
+Workspace bindings follow the same rules. Invalid or foreign-device ranges are
+rejected before recording commands. Kernel bounds and shader capability
+requirements remain the extension's responsibility.
+
+Dispatch and copy use the backend's existing compute command context, descriptor
+pool, transfer waits, and memory barriers. They preserve ordering with native
+fragments and invalidate cached converted operands after writes. Normal backend
+synchronization completes queued work before host access or resource release.
+Vulkan copy ranges must be equal in size, nonoverlapping, and aligned to four
+bytes. There is no per-dispatch host wait or extension-owned queue.
+
+Scheduled Vulkan plans share submission counters and FLOP thresholds across
+native fragments and extension callbacks. Native scratch is initialized once
+per plan invocation, with its offsets retained across fragments. Fragment
+boundaries do not force a
+queue submission, and the final pending commands are submitted when the plan
+returns. Extension dispatches and copies count toward the device's node limit.
+Every callback still executes on every invocation; this batching neither
+captures device replay nor retains plan state across scheduler rebuilds.
+Callback errors propagate without retry. Evaluation callbacks, direct backend
+calls, synchronous devices, serialized diagnostics, and timestamp profiling
+retain fragment execution.
+
+`src/core/vulkan/rope.cpp` registers custom and builtin RoPE implementations,
+plus `RMSNorm -> Mul -> RoPE` and `RMSNorm -> Mul -> RoPE -> Scale -> FP16 Copy`
+fusion. These kernels retain the original strides, partial-rotation behavior,
+128-channel subgroup reduction, and separate arithmetic rounding. Their SPIR-V
+is generated from application shaders with the native RoPE compilation policy;
+SPIR-V optimization is disabled because it changes the reduction results.
+Safe graph-delay rules bring independent producers ahead of fusion candidates.
+External intermediate consumers retain ordinary operators, and overlapping
+outputs use plan workspace. `GGML_VK_DISABLE_FUSION` is honored.
+
+The corresponding Vulkan shader sources and native fusion rules have been
+removed from ggml. Existing builtin RoPE graphs use the registered override;
+unsupported cases retain scheduler fallback to another supported backend.
+
+Remaining model-specific CUDA paths and Vulkan INT8/ConvRot implementations still
+need auditing or migration.
 This implementation does not yet externalize all model-specific kernels or add
 dynamic dtypes.

src/core/ggml_extensions.cpp

@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@
 #include <mutex>
 #include <unordered_set>
 
+#ifdef SD_VULKAN_EXTENSIONS
+void sd_ggml_register_vulkan_rope(ggml_backend_dev_t device);
+#endif
 #ifdef SD_CUDA_EXTENSIONS
 void sd_ggml_register_cuda_affine(ggml_backend_dev_t device);
 void sd_ggml_register_cuda_i8(ggml_backend_dev_t device);
@@ -168,11 +171,12 @@ void sd_ggml_register_extensions(ggml_backend_t backend) {
     if (!backend) {
         return;
     }
-    auto device     = ggml_backend_get_device(backend);
+    auto device       = ggml_backend_get_device(backend);
-    auto reg        = ggml_backend_dev_backend_reg(device);
+    auto reg          = ggml_backend_dev_backend_reg(device);
-    const bool cpu  = ggml_backend_reg_get_proc_address(reg, "ggml_ext_cpu_parallel_v1") != nullptr;
+    const bool cpu    = ggml_backend_reg_get_proc_address(reg, "ggml_ext_cpu_parallel_v1") != nullptr;
-    const bool cuda = ggml_backend_reg_get_proc_address(reg, "ggml_ext_cuda_context_v1") != nullptr;
+    const bool cuda   = ggml_backend_reg_get_proc_address(reg, "ggml_ext_cuda_context_v1") != nullptr;
-    if (!cpu && !cuda) {
+    const bool vulkan = ggml_backend_reg_get_proc_address(reg, "ggml_ext_vulkan_v1") != nullptr;
+    if (!cpu && !cuda && !vulkan) {
         return;
     }
     static std::mutex mutex;
@@ -181,6 +185,12 @@ void sd_ggml_register_extensions(ggml_backend_t backend) {
     if (!registered.insert(device).second) {
         return;
     }
+    if (vulkan) {
+#ifdef SD_VULKAN_EXTENSIONS
+        sd_ggml_register_vulkan_rope(device);
+#endif
+        return;
+    }
     if (cuda) {
 #ifdef SD_CUDA_EXTENSIONS
         sd_ggml_register_cuda_affine(device);
@@ -226,6 +236,9 @@ ggml_tensor* sd_ggml_rope_apply(ggml_context* ctx, ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_
         if (ggml_backend_reg_get_proc_address(reg, "ggml_ext_cpu_parallel_v1")
 #ifdef SD_CUDA_EXTENSIONS
             || ggml_backend_reg_get_proc_address(reg, "ggml_ext_cuda_context_v1")
+#endif
+#ifdef SD_VULKAN_EXTENSIONS
+            || ggml_backend_reg_get_proc_address(reg, "ggml_ext_vulkan_v1")
 #endif
         ) {
             ggml_tensor* inputs[] = {x, pe};

src/core/vulkan/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+find_package(Vulkan COMPONENTS glslc REQUIRED)
+set(SD_VULKAN_GENERATED "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/shaders")
+file(MAKE_DIRECTORY "${SD_VULKAN_GENERATED}")
+foreach(NAME rope_apply rms_rope_apply rms_rope_cast)
+    set(SHADER "${NAME}")
+    set(FLAGS)
+    if(NAME STREQUAL "rms_rope_cast")
+        set(SHADER rms_rope_apply)
+        set(FLAGS -DCAST_F16)
+    endif()
+    set(SOURCE "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/shaders/${SHADER}.comp")
+    set(SPV "${SD_VULKAN_GENERATED}/${NAME}.spv")
+    set(HEADER "${SD_VULKAN_GENERATED}/${NAME}.h")
+    # Keep native RoPE rounding: spirv-opt changes the subgroup reduction results.
+    add_custom_command(OUTPUT "${HEADER}"
+        COMMAND "${Vulkan_GLSLC_EXECUTABLE}" --target-env=vulkan1.2 ${FLAGS} "${SOURCE}" -o "${SPV}"
+        COMMAND "${CMAKE_COMMAND}" "-DINPUT=${SPV}" "-DOUTPUT=${HEADER}" "-DNAME=${NAME}"
+                -P "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/embed_spirv.cmake"
+        DEPENDS "${SOURCE}" "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/embed_spirv.cmake"
+        BYPRODUCTS "${SPV}"
+        VERBATIM)
+    list(APPEND SD_VULKAN_HEADERS "${HEADER}")
+endforeach()
+add_custom_target(sd-vulkan-shaders DEPENDS ${SD_VULKAN_HEADERS})
+add_dependencies(${SD_LIB} sd-vulkan-shaders)
+target_sources(${SD_LIB} PRIVATE "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/rope.cpp")
+target_include_directories(${SD_LIB} PRIVATE "${SD_VULKAN_GENERATED}")

src/core/vulkan/rope.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+#include "core/ggml_extensions.h"
+#include "ggml-ext-vulkan.h"
+#include "rms_rope_apply.h"
+#include "rms_rope_cast.h"
+#include "rope_apply.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <climits>
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace sd_vulkan_rope {
+    struct Parameters {
+        uint32_t half_dim, rot_half, heads, tokens, pairs;
+        uint32_t x_stride[4], pe_stride[4];
+        uint32_t x_offset, pe_offset, dst_offset, interleaved;
+    };
+    struct FusedParameters {
+        Parameters rope;
+        float eps;
+        uint32_t w_offset;
+        float output_scale;
+    };
+    static_assert(sizeof(Parameters) == 68 && sizeof(FusedParameters) == 80, "RoPE push constant layout mismatch");
+    static const ggml_ext_vulkan_api* api(ggml_backend_dev_t device) {
+        auto query = reinterpret_cast<ggml_ext_vulkan_api_fn>(ggml_backend_reg_get_proc_address(
+            ggml_backend_dev_backend_reg(device), "ggml_ext_vulkan_v1"));
+        return query ? query() : nullptr;
+    }
+    static float param(const ggml_tensor* node, int i) {
+        float value;
+        std::memcpy(&value, node->op_params + i, sizeof(value));
+        return value;
+    }
+    static bool is_rope(const ggml_tensor* node) {
+        return node && (node->op == GGML_OP_ROPE_APPLY || ggml_ext_op_get(node) == sd_ggml_rope_op());
+    }
+    static bool aligned(const ggml_tensor* tensor, size_t alignment) {
+        size_t offset = 0;
+        while (!tensor->data && tensor->view_src) {
+            offset += tensor->view_offs;
+            tensor = tensor->view_src;
+        }
+        return (reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(tensor->data) + offset) % alignment == 0;
+    }
+    static bool bounded(const ggml_tensor* node, const ggml_ext_vulkan_device_info& info) {
+        if (!node || !aligned(node, 4) || ggml_nbytes(node) > info.max_buffer_range - (info.buffer_alignment - 1))
+            return false;
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
+            if (node->nb[i] % 4 || node->nb[i] / 4 > UINT32_MAX || node->ne[i] > UINT32_MAX)
+                return false;
+        return true;
+    }
+    static bool supports(ggml_backend_dev_t device, const ggml_tensor* node, void*) {
+        const auto* service = api(device);
+        ggml_ext_vulkan_device_info info;
+        if (!service || !service->device_info(device, &info) || info.max_group_size[0] < 256 || info.max_group_invocations < 256)
+            return false;
+        const auto* x  = node->src[0];
+        const auto* pe = node->src[1];
+        return x && pe && x->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && pe->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && node->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 &&
+               x->ne[0] % 2 == 0 && pe->ne[0] == 2 && pe->ne[1] == 2 && pe->ne[2] > 0 && pe->ne[2] <= x->ne[0] / 2 &&
+               pe->ne[3] == x->ne[2] && node->ne[0] == x->ne[0] && node->ne[1] == x->ne[2] &&
+               node->ne[2] == x->ne[1] * x->ne[3] && node->ne[3] == 1 && ggml_is_contiguous(node) &&
+               bounded(x, info) && bounded(pe, info) && bounded(node, info) && ggml_nelements(node) / 2 <= UINT32_MAX &&
+               (uint64_t(ggml_nelements(node) / 2) + 255) / 256 <= uint64_t(info.max_group_count[0]) * info.max_group_count[1];
+    }
+    static bool fused_supports(ggml_backend_dev_t device, const ggml_tensor* norm, const ggml_tensor* mul, const ggml_tensor* rope) {
+        ggml_ext_vulkan_device_info info;
+        if (!api(device)->device_info(device, &info) || info.fusion_disabled || !info.subgroup_shuffle || !info.full_subgroups ||
+            info.subgroup_size != 32 || !is_rope(rope) || !supports(device, rope, nullptr) ||
+            norm->op != GGML_OP_RMS_NORM || mul->op != GGML_OP_MUL || mul->src[0] != norm || rope->src[0] != mul)
+            return false;
+        const auto* x      = norm->src[0];
+        const auto* weight = mul->src[1];
+        return x && weight && x->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && x->ne[0] == 128 && x->nb[0] == 4 &&
+               norm->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && mul->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && ggml_are_same_shape(x, norm) && ggml_are_same_shape(norm, mul) &&
+               weight->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && weight->ne[0] == 128 && ggml_nelements(weight) == 128 &&
+               ggml_is_contiguous(weight) && bounded(weight, info) && bounded(x, info) && (x->ne[1] + 3) / 4 <= info.max_group_count[0];
+    }
+    static bool cast_supports(ggml_backend_dev_t device, const ggml_tensor* rope, const ggml_tensor* scale, const ggml_tensor* copy) {
+        ggml_ext_vulkan_device_info info;
+        api(device)->device_info(device, &info);
+        // Workspace writeback uses Vulkan's four-byte copy granularity.
+        return info.float16 && scale->op == GGML_OP_SCALE && scale->src[0] == rope && scale->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 &&
+               param(scale, 1) == 0.f && copy->op == GGML_OP_CPY && copy->src[0] == scale && copy->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 &&
+               ggml_is_contiguous(copy) && aligned(copy, 4) && ggml_are_same_shape(scale, copy);
+    }
+    static int match(ggml_backend_dev_t device, const ggml_cgraph* graph, int first, void*) {
+        auto* g = const_cast<ggml_cgraph*>(graph);
+        if (first + 2 >= ggml_graph_n_nodes(g) || !fused_supports(device, ggml_graph_node(g, first), ggml_graph_node(g, first + 1), ggml_graph_node(g, first + 2)))
+            return 0;
+        return first + 4 < ggml_graph_n_nodes(g) && cast_supports(device, ggml_graph_node(g, first + 2), ggml_graph_node(g, first + 3), ggml_graph_node(g, first + 4)) ? 5 : 3;
+    }
+    static void optimize(ggml_backend_dev_t device, ggml_cgraph* graph, void*) {
+        for (int last = 2; last < ggml_graph_n_nodes(graph); ++last) {
+            const auto* output = ggml_graph_node(graph, last);
+            const auto* scale  = output->op == GGML_OP_CPY ? output->src[0] : nullptr;
+            const auto* rope   = scale && scale->op == GGML_OP_SCALE ? scale->src[0] : output;
+            if (!is_rope(rope))
+                continue;
+            const auto* mul  = rope->src[0];
+            const auto* norm = mul->src[0];
+            if (!norm || !fused_supports(device, norm, mul, rope))
+                continue;
+            const int count = output == rope ? 3 : cast_supports(device, rope, scale, output) ? 5
+                                                                                              : 0;
+            if (!count)
+                continue;
+            const ggml_tensor* nodes[] = {norm, mul, rope, scale, output};
+            int indices[5], next = count - 1;
+            for (int i = last; i >= std::max(0, last - 64) && next >= 0; --i)
+                if (ggml_graph_node(graph, i) == nodes[next])
+                    indices[next--] = i;
+            if (next >= 0)
+                continue;
+            int first = indices[0];
+            for (int i = 1; i < count; ++i) {
+                if (!ggml_ext_graph_delay(graph, first, i, indices[i]))
+                    break;
+                first = indices[i] - i;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    static ggml_status prepare(ggml_backend_t, ggml_tensor* const* nodes, int count, void**, size_t* bytes, void*) {
+        *bytes = ggml_nbytes(nodes[count - 1]);
+        return GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+    }
+    static void destroy(void*, void*) {}
+    static bool overlaps(const ggml_ext_vulkan_buffer_info& a, const ggml_ext_vulkan_buffer_info& b) {
+        return a.storage == b.storage && a.offset < b.offset + b.size && b.offset < a.offset + a.size;
+    }
+    static ggml_status execute(const ggml_ext_execution_context* execution, ggml_tensor* const* nodes, int count, void*, void*) {
+        auto device         = ggml_backend_get_device(execution->backend);
+        const auto* service = api(device);
+        ggml_ext_vulkan_device_info info;
+        if (!service || !service->device_info(device, &info))
+            return GGML_STATUS_FAILED;
+        const auto* rope                   = nodes[count == 1 ? 0 : 2];
+        const auto* x                      = count == 1 ? rope->src[0] : nodes[0]->src[0];
+        const auto* pe                     = rope->src[1];
+        const auto* output                 = nodes[count - 1];
+        ggml_ext_vulkan_binding bindings[] = {{x}, {pe}, {output}, {count == 1 ? nullptr : nodes[1]->src[1]}};
+        ggml_ext_vulkan_buffer_info buffers[4];
+        const int n_buffers = count == 1 ? 3 : 4;
+        for (int i = 0; i < n_buffers; ++i)
+            if (!service->buffer_info(execution->backend, bindings + i, buffers + i))
+                return GGML_STATUS_FAILED;
+        bool alias             = overlaps(buffers[2], buffers[0]) || overlaps(buffers[2], buffers[1]) || (count != 1 && overlaps(buffers[2], buffers[3]));
+        const auto destination = bindings[2];
+        if (alias) {
+            bindings[2] = {nullptr, execution->workspace, 0, ggml_nbytes(output)};
+            if (!service->buffer_info(execution->backend, bindings + 2, buffers + 2))
+                return GGML_STATUS_FAILED;
+        }
+        FusedParameters params = {};
+        auto& pc               = params.rope;
+        pc.half_dim            = uint32_t(x->ne[0] / 2);
+        pc.rot_half            = uint32_t(pe->ne[2]);
+        pc.heads               = uint32_t(x->ne[1]);
+        pc.tokens              = uint32_t(x->ne[2]);
+        pc.pairs               = uint32_t(ggml_nelements(x) / 2);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
+            pc.x_stride[i]  = uint32_t(x->nb[i] / 4);
+            pc.pe_stride[i] = uint32_t(pe->nb[i] / 4);
+        }
+        pc.x_offset   = buffers[0].shader_offset / 4;
+        pc.pe_offset  = buffers[1].shader_offset / 4;
+        pc.dst_offset = buffers[2].shader_offset / uint32_t(ggml_type_size(output->type));
+        std::memcpy(&pc.interleaved, ggml_ext_op_get(rope) ? ggml_ext_op_attributes(rope) : rope->op_params, 4);
+        uint32_t groups[3]                = {1, 1, 1};
+        ggml_ext_vulkan_pipeline pipeline = {};
+        pipeline.name                     = "sd.rope_apply.vulkan";
+        pipeline.spirv                    = sd_vulkan_shaders::rope_apply;
+        pipeline.spirv_size               = sizeof(sd_vulkan_shaders::rope_apply);
+        pipeline.binding_count            = n_buffers;
+        pipeline.push_constant_size       = sizeof(Parameters);
+        if (count == 1) {
+            const uint32_t n_groups = uint32_t((uint64_t(pc.pairs) + 255) / 256);
+            groups[0]               = std::min(n_groups, info.max_group_count[0]);
+            groups[1]               = (n_groups + groups[0] - 1) / groups[0];
+        } else {
+            pipeline.name                   = count == 5 ? "sd.rms_rope_cast.vulkan" : "sd.rms_rope_apply.vulkan";
+            pipeline.spirv                  = count == 5 ? sd_vulkan_shaders::rms_rope_cast : sd_vulkan_shaders::rms_rope_apply;
+            pipeline.spirv_size             = count == 5 ? sizeof(sd_vulkan_shaders::rms_rope_cast) : sizeof(sd_vulkan_shaders::rms_rope_apply);
+            pipeline.push_constant_size     = sizeof(FusedParameters);
+            pipeline.full_subgroups         = true;
+            pipeline.required_subgroup_size = info.subgroup_size_control ? 32 : 0;
+            params.eps                      = param(nodes[0], 0);
+            params.w_offset                 = buffers[3].shader_offset / 4;
+            params.output_scale             = count == 5 ? param(nodes[3], 0) : 1.f;
+            groups[0]                       = (pc.heads + 3) / 4;
+            groups[1]                       = std::min(pc.tokens, info.max_group_count[1]);
+            groups[2]                       = std::min(uint32_t(x->ne[3]), info.max_group_count[2]);
+        }
+        auto status = service->dispatch(execution->backend, &pipeline, bindings, &params, groups);
+        if (status == GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS && alias)
+            status = service->copy(execution->backend, bindings + 2, &destination);
+        return status;
+    }
+}
+
+void sd_ggml_register_vulkan_rope(ggml_backend_dev_t device) {
+    ggml_ext_kernel_desc desc = {};
+    desc.abi_version          = GGML_EXT_ABI_VERSION;
+    desc.name                 = "sd.rope_apply.vulkan.v1";
+    desc.op                   = GGML_OP_CUSTOM;
+    desc.custom_op            = sd_ggml_rope_op();
+    desc.priority             = 100;
+    desc.supports             = sd_vulkan_rope::supports;
+    desc.prepare              = sd_vulkan_rope::prepare;
+    desc.execute              = sd_vulkan_rope::execute;
+    desc.destroy              = sd_vulkan_rope::destroy;
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_ext_register_kernel(device, &desc));
+    desc.name      = "sd.rope_apply.vulkan.override.v1";
+    desc.op        = GGML_OP_ROPE_APPLY;
+    desc.custom_op = nullptr;
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_ext_register_kernel(device, &desc));
+    desc.name     = "sd.rms_rope_apply.vulkan.v1";
+    desc.op       = GGML_OP_RMS_NORM;
+    desc.priority = 200;
+    desc.supports = nullptr;
+    desc.match    = sd_vulkan_rope::match;
+    desc.optimize = sd_vulkan_rope::optimize;
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_ext_register_kernel(device, &desc));
+}

src/core/vulkan/shaders/rms_rope_apply.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+#version 450
+
+#extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_basic : require
+#extension GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_shuffle : require
+#extension GL_EXT_control_flow_attributes : require
+
+layout(local_size_x = 128, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer X { float data_x[]; };
+layout(binding = 1) readonly buffer PE { float data_pe[]; };
+#ifdef CAST_F16
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_16bit_storage : require
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_float16 : require
+layout(binding = 2) writeonly buffer D { float16_t data_d[]; };
+#else
+layout(binding = 2) writeonly buffer D { float data_d[]; };
+#endif
+layout(binding = 3) readonly buffer W { float data_w[]; };
+
+layout(push_constant) uniform parameter {
+    uint half_dim;
+    uint rot_half;
+    uint heads;
+    uint tokens;
+    uint pairs;
+    uint x_stride[4];
+    uint pe_stride[4];
+    uint x_offset;
+    uint pe_offset;
+    uint dst_offset;
+    uint interleaved;
+    float eps;
+    uint w_offset;
+    float output_scale;
+} pc;
+
+float shuffle_channel(vec4 values, uint channel) {
+    const uint lane = channel & 31u;
+    const vec4 shuffled = vec4(subgroupShuffle(values.x, lane), subgroupShuffle(values.y, lane),
+                               subgroupShuffle(values.z, lane), subgroupShuffle(values.w, lane));
+    return shuffled[channel / 32];
+}
+
+void main() {
+    const uint head = gl_WorkGroupID.x * 4 + gl_SubgroupID;
+    if (head >= pc.heads) {
+        return;
+    }
+    const uint lane = gl_SubgroupInvocationID;
+    const uint batches = pc.pairs / (64 * pc.heads * pc.tokens);
+    for (uint batch = gl_WorkGroupID.z; batch < batches; batch += gl_NumWorkGroups.z) {
+        for (uint token = gl_WorkGroupID.y; token < pc.tokens; token += gl_NumWorkGroups.y) {
+            const uint base = pc.x_offset + head * pc.x_stride[1] + token * pc.x_stride[2] + batch * pc.x_stride[3];
+            vec4 x = vec4(data_x[base + lane], data_x[base + lane + 32],
+                          data_x[base + lane + 64], data_x[base + lane + 96]);
+            precise vec4 squares = x * x;
+            precise float sum = (squares.x + squares.z) + (squares.y + squares.w);
+            [[unroll]] for (uint stride = 16; stride > 0; stride >>= 1) {
+                sum += subgroupShuffle(sum, lane ^ stride);
+            }
+            sum = subgroupShuffle(sum, 0);
+            const float scale = inversesqrt(sum / 128.0 + pc.eps);
+            precise vec4 weighted = scale * x;
+            [[unroll]] for (uint i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
+                weighted[i] *= data_w[pc.w_offset + lane + i * 32];
+            }
+            [[unroll]] for (uint i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
+                const uint col = lane + i * 32;
+                precise float value = weighted[i];
+                if (pc.interleaved != 0) {
+                    const float a = subgroupShuffle(value, lane & ~1u);
+                    const float b = subgroupShuffle(value, lane | 1u);
+                    if (col / 2 < pc.rot_half) {
+                        const uint matrix = pc.pe_offset + (col / 2) * pc.pe_stride[2] + token * pc.pe_stride[3] + (col & 1u) * pc.pe_stride[1];
+                        value = a * data_pe[matrix] + b * data_pe[matrix + pc.pe_stride[0]];
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    const uint pair = col % pc.rot_half;
+                    const float a = shuffle_channel(weighted, pair);
+                    const float b = shuffle_channel(weighted, pair + pc.rot_half);
+                    if (col < 2 * pc.rot_half) {
+                        const uint matrix = pc.pe_offset + pair * pc.pe_stride[2] + token * pc.pe_stride[3];
+                        const float c = data_pe[matrix];
+                        const float s = data_pe[matrix + pc.pe_stride[1]];
+                        value = col < pc.rot_half ? a * c - b * s : a * s + b * c;
+                    }
+                }
+#ifdef CAST_F16
+                value *= pc.output_scale;
+                value += 0.0;
+                data_d[pc.dst_offset + ((batch * pc.heads + head) * pc.tokens + token) * 128 + col] = float16_t(value);
+#else
+                data_d[pc.dst_offset + ((batch * pc.heads + head) * pc.tokens + token) * 128 + col] = value;
+#endif
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/core/vulkan/shaders/rope_apply.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#version 450
+
+layout(local_size_x = 256, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout(binding = 0) readonly buffer X { float data_x[]; };
+layout(binding = 1) readonly buffer PE { float data_pe[]; };
+layout(binding = 2) writeonly buffer D { float data_d[]; };
+
+layout(push_constant) uniform parameter {
+    uint half_dim;
+    uint rot_half;
+    uint heads;
+    uint tokens;
+    uint pairs;
+    uint x_stride[4];
+    uint pe_stride[4];
+    uint x_offset;
+    uint pe_offset;
+    uint dst_offset;
+    uint interleaved;
+} pc;
+
+void main() {
+    const uint index = gl_GlobalInvocationID.x + gl_NumWorkGroups.x*gl_WorkGroupSize.x*gl_GlobalInvocationID.y;
+    if (index >= pc.pairs) {
+        return;
+    }
+    const uint j     = index % pc.half_dim;
+    const uint row   = index / pc.half_dim;
+    const uint token = row % pc.tokens;
+    const uint head  = (row / pc.tokens) % pc.heads;
+    const uint batch = row / (pc.tokens*pc.heads);
+    const uint i0    = pc.interleaved != 0 || j >= pc.rot_half ? 2*j : j;
+    const uint i1    = pc.interleaved != 0 || j >= pc.rot_half ? 2*j + 1 : j + pc.rot_half;
+    const uint x_row = pc.x_offset + head*pc.x_stride[1] + token*pc.x_stride[2] + batch*pc.x_stride[3];
+    const uint out_row = pc.dst_offset + row*pc.half_dim*2;
+    const float a = data_x[x_row + i0*pc.x_stride[0]];
+    const float b = data_x[x_row + i1*pc.x_stride[0]];
+    if (j >= pc.rot_half) {
+        data_d[out_row + i0] = a;
+        data_d[out_row + i1] = b;
+        return;
+    }
+    const uint matrix = pc.pe_offset + j*pc.pe_stride[2] + token*pc.pe_stride[3];
+    const float c = data_pe[matrix];
+    const float s = data_pe[matrix + pc.pe_stride[1]];
+    // Preserve the separate multiply/add rounding of the unfused graph.
+    precise float y0;
+    precise float y1;
+    if (pc.interleaved != 0) {
+        y0 = a*c + b*data_pe[matrix + pc.pe_stride[0]];
+        y1 = a*s + b*data_pe[matrix + pc.pe_stride[0] + pc.pe_stride[1]];
+    } else {
+        y0 = a*c - b*s;
+        y1 = a*s + b*c;
+    }
+    data_d[out_row + i0] = y0;
+    data_d[out_row + i1] = y1;
+}